| The present study deals with the less investigated Chinese goneplacoid fauna based on the materials collected by the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from the China seas. The results of taxonomic and zoogeographic studies are presented. A total of 45 species of Goneplacoidea belonging to 5 families and 18 genera are described, of which 2 species are found to be new to science, and 2 are recorded for the first time from China Seas. Keys to families, genera and species are given in the text. Discussion on taxonomic problems and zoogeographic characteristics are made. Eucrate hainanensis sp. nov. is described here, and some problems existing in the genera Eucrate De Haan, 1835 and Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858 is discussed in details. Rediscovery of Goneplax serenei Zarenkov, 1972 from the Tonkin Gulf proves that the specimens described as Goneplax serenei by Chen (1998) is a new species. According to its morphological characteristics such as the shape of carapace, the first male gonopod being shorter than the second male gonopod, it should be placed in the Genus Paragoneplax Castro, 2007, and Paragoneplax chenae sp. nov. is being named. A newly recorded deep water species Hephthopelta cribrorum Rathbun, 1932 is described. The author has found that Carcinoplax meridionalis Chen, 1984 should be synonym of Pycnoplax suruguensis (Rathbun, 1932).Preliminary study on the zoogeographic characteristics shows that all the goneplacoid species of the China Seas are tropical and subtropical elements belonging to Indo-West Pacific Warmwater Region China-Japan Subtropical Subregion and Indo-Malaysia Tropical Faunal Subregion, and the number of species increases with the decrease of latitudes. Comparisions are made with adjacent regions such as the Philippine Islands, the Andaman Sea and the Japanese water.Specimens studied in the present work are deposited in the Marine Biology Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences (MBMCAS) in Qingdao.The name list of species recorded from the China Seas is given below, those names marked with an"▲"are recorded from Taiwan and species marked with an"*"are recorded from mainland China but not in the collection of IOCAS. List of Chinese species of Goneplacoidea: Superfamily Goneplacoidea Macleay, 1838 Family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964 Subfamily Chasmocarcininae Serène, 1964 1) Genus Camatopsis Alcock, 1899 1. Camatopsis rubida Alcock et Anderson, 1899 2) Genus Chasmocarcinops Alcock, 1900 2. Chasmocarcinops gelasimoides Alcock, 1900 3) Genus Hephthopelta Alcock, 1899 3. Hephthopelta littoralis Tesch, 1918 4. Hephthopelta pubescens Chen, 1998* 5. Hephthopelta cribrorum Rathbun, 1932 Family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 Subfamily Euryplacinae Stimpson, 1871 4) Genus Eucrate De Haan, 1835 6. Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835) 7. Eucrate alcocki Sèrene, 1971 8. Eucrate costata Yang et Sun, 1979 9. Eucrate hainanensis sp. nov. 10. Eucrate laevis (Borradaile, 1903)* 11. Eucrate solaris Yang et Sun, 1979) 12. Eucrate sulcatifrons (Stimpson, 1858) 13. ?Carcinoplax angusta Rathbun, 1914 5) Genus Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858 14. Heteroplax transversa Stimpson, 1858 15. Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879 16. Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858 Family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 Subfamily Goneplacinae MacLeay, 1838 6) Genus Carcinoplax H.Milne Edwards, 1852 17. Carcinoplax longimana (De Haan 1835) 18. Carcinoplax cracens Castro, 2007▲19. Carcinoplax indica Doflein, 1904▲20. Carcinoplax longipes (Wood-Mason, 1891) 21. Carcinoplax nana Guinot, 1989▲22. Carcinoplax purpurea Rathbun, 1914 23. Carcinoplax sinica Chen, 1984 24. Carcinoplax spinosissima Rathbun, 1914 25. Carcinoplax specularis Rathbun, 1914▲26. Carcinoplax tomentosa Sakai, 1969▲27. Carcinoplax vestita (De Haan, 1835) 7) Genus Menoplax Castro, 2007 28. Menoplax longispinosa (Chen, 1984) 8) Genus Pycnoplax Castro, 2007 29. Pycnoplax bispinosa (Rathbun, 1914) 30. Pycnoplax suruguensis (Rathbun, 1932) (=Carcinoplax meridionalis Chen, 1984) 9) Genus Neogoneplax Castro, 2007 31. Neogoneplax renoculis (Rathbun, 1914) 10) Genus Paragoneplax Castro, 2007 32. Paragoneplax chenae sp. nov. (=Goneplax seresnei Chen, 1998) 33. Paragoneplax serenei (Zarenkov, 1972) 11) Genus Microgoneplax Castro, 2007 34. Microgoneplax elegans (Chen, 1998) * 12) Genus Ommatocarcinus White, 1852 35. Ommatocarcinus macgillivrayi White, 1852 36. Ommatocarcinus granulatus Chen, 1998 37. Ommatocarcinus pulcher Barnard, 1950 13) Genus Psopheticus Alcock, 1892. 38. Psopheticus stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892 39. Psopheticus musicus Guinot, 1990▲14) Genus Exopheticus Castro, 2007 40. Exopheticus hughi (Rathbun, 1914)▲41. Exopheticus insignis (Alcock, 1900) 15) Genus Notonyx A.Milne Edwards, 1873 42. Notonyx vitreus Alcock, 1900 Family Mathildellidae Karasawa & Kato, 2003 16) Genus Mathildella Guinot et Richer De Forges, 1981 43. Mathildella serrata (Sakai, 1974)▲17) Genus Platypilumnus Alcock, 1894 44. Platypilumnus soelae Garth, 1987▲Family Scalopidiidae ?tev?i?, 2005 18) Genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 45. Scalopidia spinosipes Stimpson, 1858...
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