Health Damage Evaluation System For Environmental Pollution

Objective:Indicator system was built to evaluate health damage for environmental pollution, as environmental pollution was severe and had caught much attention.Methods:Using literature review to learn about the current condition of indicators of health damage for environmental pollution and build the rudiment of the indicator system. Two expert consulting meetings and many group discussions were then applied to construct the indicator system.Results:The framework of health damage indicator system for environmental pollution was set up with three categories:environmental pollution source indicators, health damage indicators and property loss indicators. Source indicators were supposed to reflect origins, transformations, concentrations and objects of environmental pollutions. They were divided into emission indicators, migration and transformation indicators. Health damage indicators consisted of physiological indicators and psychology indicators. Exposure indicators (external exposure indicators and internal exposure indicators), damage indicators (character indicators and classifying indicators) and evaluation indicators were involved in physiological indicators. Operating rules was composed to improve the maneuverability of indicator system.Conclusions:(1) Indicator system that established was comprehensive, scientific, systemic and operable. (2) The weight distribution of indicators and the confounding factors were the key study objects. (3) There were common effect biomarkers for a class of environmental pollutants. However, the target organs were different for different pollutants in same class. For example, kidney and bone were the target organs of cadmium, but for lead it was nervous system. Therefore, once the pollutant was determined, biomarkers should be selected according to target organs. (4) Biomarkers should be associatively, sensitively, specific and convenient.Objective:Rank sum ration method was applied to evaluate health damage for environmental pollution based on indicator system established in part 1.Methods:Literature review was used to learn about the theory and current condition of health damage comprehensive evaluation for environmental pollution. Then RSR method was taken for example to evaluate health damage for environmental pollution.Results:(1) There are many comprehensive methods commonly used both in China and abroad, such as RSR method, TOPSIS method, AHP method, comprehensive index method, efficiency coefficient method, information entropy theory evaluation method, osculating value method, comprehensive scoring method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. (2) RSR method was used to evaluate health damage for environmental pollution, and it was divided into crowd evaluation and anthropometric evaluation. The anthropometric part share the same steps of the crowd one, however the key point was the selection of indicators that needed detailed information of pollutants. Conclusions:RSR method has features of clear concept, simple calculation and better reasonability and practicability, is a fine comprehensive evaluation method for health damage. One of the most important steps of RSR method was the arrangement of rank. Different comprehensive evaluation methods have different advantages and disadvantages. The combination evaluation of different methods could be more objective.Objective:Cadmium concentrations in soil, surface water, crops, drinking water and human body were detected, while health damage was also been investigated in a cadmium polluted area. Then indicator system established in part 1 and RSR method were applied to evaluate health damage for cadmium pollution. Physical damage and migration and transformation of cadmium environmental pollution were focused in this research.Methods:Epidemiological survey and sample collection were applied according to national standards. Dates were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Results:(1) Migration and transformation indicators and physiological health damage indicators were established for cadmium pollution based on operating rules in part 1. (2) RSR method was operated to evaluate both crowd and anthropometric health damage for environmental cadmium pollution.Conclusions:VA and VB had worse health damage for cadmium pollution than VC. RSR method not only ranked the order of the severity of health damage, but also determined levels of objects. Levels that determined would be helpful to the supervision, evaluation and management of government, and moreover to be used in economic compensation of health damage.