| Selenium is an essential trace element to human and livestocks The relation between selenium and health is always attended to in the medical areas. The existing results show that selenium has many functions ,e.g. lightening arteriosclerosis, decreasing the death rate of cardiovascular disease, eliminating free radicals , enhancing the ability of immunity, deferring caducity, preventing the appearance of some cancers. Selenium deficiency or potential deficiency is very common and serious in the world. In China, about 72% of the territory is short of Se, people there suffer form Se deficiency which is no benefit to health.Barley is sensitive to selenium and it can forbid excessive content of selenium causing human to be toxic. Inorganic Se could be transformed into organic Se after malt steeping, germinating and kilning, which not only satisfies human need but also keeps human being and animal from the overtaking of Se by malt.Malt was used as a carrier of Se, not only, for it's nutritious, edible and medicinal but also for it's useful in food industry, especially in brewing. Malt is the main material of beer, and the annual output of barley was 3 million tons in 2001 in china. Most of domestic malt factory and beer brewery preferred to using importing barley for it's good quality, on the contrary for bad of home barley. According to statistics China has imported about 2 million tons barley a year recently, hitting 55% of total Chinese barley output. The higher price of imported barley increased factories' production cost and decreased economic benefit, which was no benefit to both the beer industry and the barley planting in China.Selenium is not only nutritious to human, but also a stimulant of plants. Malting additives composed of Se, gibberellin GAs and antibiotic P were used during malting, especially for improving malt quality, which was barely reported.The malting technology of enhancing includes steeping, germinating and kilning, Effects of different steeping degree, different concentration of Na2SeO3 and different concentration antibiotic P or gibberellin GAa and Na2SeO3 on total-Se and organic Se , and respiratory intensity, a -amylase, proteinase, GSH-Px, POD and PPO activity of malt were investigated. Finally, wort colour, a -AN, extract, diastatic power and Kolbach value of malt quality were involved. The results are shown as follows:1. ENHANCED SELENIUM OPTIMUMO CONCENTRATION With the steeping degree higher, Se content of malt increased during 0~42%, and over higher it decreased. Se content increased with Na2SeOs concentration higher. The optimum concentration of Na2SeO3 was 150mg - L-1. Total Se was 5 u g - g-1. And organic Se was about 90%. The total Se and organic Se content were 3.5 and 3.4 u g - g-1 respectively, and organic Se content was 1.3 times of the control. When malt was treated with 100 mg - L-1 Na2Se03 and 100 mg - L-1 antibiotic P, the total Se and organic-Se content were 8.4 u g - g-1 and 7.8 u g - g-1, respectively. When malt was treated with 100 mg - L-1 Na2SeO3 and 0.05 mg - L-1 gibberllin GAs, the organic Se was 3.3 times of the control.2. PHYSIOLOGY CHANGESRespiratory intensity of malt increased when treated with 0-150 mg - L-1 Na2SeO3, while it was inhibited when Na2SeO3 concentration higher than 150 mg - L-1. And malt growth was inhibited when Na2SeO3 concentration higher than 200 mg - L*1.Respiratory intensity of malt increased when treated with 100 mg - L-1 NaaSeOs plus 0-200 mg -L-1 antibiotic P ,while higher concentration of antibiotic P(>200 mg -L-1) did the reverse. Respiratory intensity of malt increased when treated with 100 mg - L-1 Na2SeO3 plus 0-0.1 mg - L-1 gibberllin GAs, while higher concentration of gibberllin GA3.(>0.1mg - L-1) did the reverse.3. ENZYME ACTIVITY CHANGESa -amylase activity of malt was highest when treated with 150 mg *L~' Na2SeO3 alone, about 14 percent higher than the control, a -amylase activity of malt was the highest when treated with 100 mg - L-1 Na2SeO3 plus 200 mg - L'1 antibiotic P, about 70 percent hi...
|
PDF Full Text Request