Colloidal Crystals, Structural Color Of Colloidal Films And Corresponding Macroporous Materials Using Colloidal Crystals As Templates

The dissertation is composed of the following parts:1. Using emulsion and soap free emulsion polymerization methods, a series of monodispersed poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)) copolymer colloids with average diameters from 200 to 500 nm was synthesized, and the effect of initiators and emulsifying agents on the size of the colloids was studied. A series of monodispersed silica (SiO₂) particles with the average diameter from 30 to 700 nm was successfully synthesized by using the Stober method, the effect of different reaction conditions on the diameter of particles was investigated.2. Colloidal crystals from monodispersed P(St-MMA-AA) colloids were prepared by deposition of the particles on an inclined substrate. From the examinations of SEM and AFM for the colloidal crystals, two array fashions i.e. hexagonal and square arrays of the colloids, and two packing modes i.e. hexagonal and face centered cubic packing were observed and discussed. The influence of the experimental conditions on the array fashion was also investigated and verified that the deposition temperature and surface tension of the latex solution, in which the colloidal crystal formed, played an important role in determining the structure of the formed colloidal crystals.3. Hybrid colloidal crystal composed of P(St-MMA-AA) colloids and Au nanoparticles was prepared by co-deposition of the two kinds of particles. The formed hybrid colloidal crystal subsequently was sintered at ⁵50 oC for removing fully the organic components to obtain the macroporous Au framework with three-dimensional ordered porous structure. It had been demonstrated that the macroporous Au material exhibited catalytic activity and could induce the electroless copper deposition.4. Macroporous NaCl and KCl crystals were prepared by co-deposition of NaCl (or KCl ) molecules in water together with organic colloids, which were then removed by calcination at high temperature. The porous structure of the NaCl (or KCl) crystal had been characterized by SEM, and demonstrated that they had band gap...