Study On Tin Permeated In Float Glass And Fabrication And Characterization Of Nanometer-Sized Tourmaline Film

This paper is mainly composed of two parts. Firstly, focusing on the mechanisms of the formed tin-related defects in float glass and the methods to alleviate them, new analyzing and assigning methods were developed to carry out quantitative measurement accurately. A new critical value of tin content was also proposed and affirmed as the threshold of the appearance of bloom phenomenon during further quenching process on float glass. Secondly, due to the problems of traditional electromagnetic shielding glass in achieving high visible light transparency and high shielding effectness in high frequency region simultaneously, a new functional material structure based on the self-polarization of nanometer-scaled tourmaline was proposed to abtain better shielding effectness in a more wider electromagnetic wave range, where system studies were dedicated to the target and deposition mechanisms of thin films to affirm the deposition of nanometer-sized tourmaline film on glass substrate. After that primary investigations were conducted to analysze the properties of the as-prepared thin films.The results displayed that the XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy) can be used to investigate the tin content in float glass, while XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) was used to affirm the existing stated and their relative proportions of Sn0, Sn2+ and Sn4+. The content of Sn2+ will decide the appearance and the degree of bloom phenomenon. Therefore, XRF intensity of tin can be used approximatively as the staff of Sn2+ content and the further threshold of the appearance of bloom phenomenon during quenching process on float glass. PL (photoluminescence) analysis was used to investigate to characterictic PL excitation and emission spectra of tin in float glass. The quantitative relationship between PL intensity and XRF intensity of tin in float glass was also affirmed. Based on first principles calculations, the varieties of total energies of the models incorporated as CaSi4O8 system and MgSi4O8 system with Ca displaced by Mg, Fe or Sn or other elements were calculated. With chemical ligand field theory, the possible ion exchange reactions happened at high tempereture were estimated by evaluating the energy gap between the models before and after element relpacing. Tt is believed that the replace will not happen if the energy gap is huge, on the other hand, several replaces may exist simultaneously when the energies are very near and small. The results exhibited that it would block the duffusion of tin into float glass by high Fe content in float glass or the minor accession of Fe in tin liquid. XRF and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis on float glass samples maintained in SO2 atmosphere with different treating times revealed no proof for further diffusion of tin in the tin-bath surface of float glass. The analysis by several methods showed that the S content in the surface of transitional roll increased exponentially, where layered loose FeS formed and acted as lubricant. However, prolonging the treating time or elevating the SO2 concentration won't enhance the lubricating effect of the FeS layer, but only causing the pollution for the environment. The sulphate formed by the reaction between SO2 and the alkali oxide enriched near the surface of float glass will help the glass from going moldy.The electromagnetic shielding behavior of transparent glass covered with ITO conducting film was investigated systematically. The reflectness of this kind of ITO glass in low frequency region (<1 GHe ) maintains above 97%, but at high frequency region the shielding effectness drops remarkablly. The typical value of the shielding effectness at 600 MHz and 4 GHz were 43 dB and 35.5 dB, respectively. On the basic of comprehension of the calorifics properties of tourmaline, proper measurements were taken to obtain nanometer-sized tourmaline film successfully fabricated by ion-beam sputtering deposition on on-line Low-E glass substrate and gain the characteristic self-polarization of the as-prepared film.