For testing the effects and discovering the mechanism of Marrow-supplementing and Blood-engendering Granule (MSABEG) working on CAA, 60 CAA patients were investigated. The comparision of anemia degree, myelogram and peripheral hemogram before and after treatment suggested that MSABSEG could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the anemia degree, stimulate the growth of bone marrow, depress the level of non-hematopoietic cells, increase the level of peripheral hemoglobin, leukocyte, platelet, reticulocyte and neutrophil, decrease the level of lymphocyte. The effective rate of treating CAA with MSABEG hit 75.00%, higher than Aplastic Anemia Blood- engendering tablet (AABET). Immunohistochemistry techniques, single and double labelling methods were employed in examing bone marrow CD34+ cells, Fas cells, CD34+ mP53 expression level of CAA patients. Results indicate that MSABEG can improve the percentage of CD34+ cells, and CD34+ mP53 expressing cells (P<0.05) and lower the percentage of Fast cells (P |