| AimTo probe the roles of Survivin, PTEN and Smad in pancreatic carcinogenesis.MethodsA total of 54 patients with pancreatic cancers were screened for Survivin, PTEN and Smad expression via immunohistochemistry and the clinicopathological significance was analyzed. 10 normal tissues of pancreas were used as control. Results: ⑴ Survivin expression was detected in 57.41% (31/54) pancreatic cancer, and closely correlated with clinical staging. Survivin was upregulated in 33.3% (6/18), 63.64% (14/22) and 78.57% (11/14) in stage II, II, IV pancreatic cancer respectively. The expression of Survivin in stage II pancreatic cancer is much lower than that in stage III+IV pancreatic cancer (33.33% versus 69.44%, p<0.01). We observed that Survivin was expressed in 8 of 10 (80%) metastic tumors, whereas in 23 of 44 (52.27%) neoplasms without metastasis. The expression of Survivin was higher in N1 group (68.18% ) than in N0 group(50%). Also, we found that the expression of Survivin was significantly correlated with histological grading. The positive staining of Survivin was 20.00% (2/10), 56.00% (14/25) and 78.95% (15/19) in grade I, II and III respectively. Survivin is undetectable in normal pancreatic tissues.⑵ The overall expression rate of PTEN in pancreatic cancers is 31.48% (17/54), while it is 50% (9/18), 27.27% (6/22) and 14.29 (2/14) in stage II, III, IV pancreatic cancers respectively. The positive rate of PTEN in pancreatic cancer is stage II 50%, stage III+IV 22.22%, M120% (2/10), M0 34.09% (15/44); N1 18.18% (4/22), N0 40.63% (13/32). The positive rate of PTEN in histological grade I, II, III pancreatic cancers is 60% (6/10), 28% (7/25) and 21.05(4/19) respectively. PTEN is found in 7 of 10 normal pancreatic tissues, and its positive rate is 70% (7/10). ⑶The overall expression rate of prote in Smad in pancreatic cancers is 55.5% (30/54), while it is 38.89% (7/18), 54.55% (12/22) and 78.57% (11/14) in stage II, III, IV pancreatic cancers respectively. Its positive rate is: stage II 38.89% (7/18), stage III+IV 63.89%(23/36), M170% (7/10), M0 52.27% (23/44); N181.82% (18/22), N0 31.25% (12/32). Its positive rate in histological grade I, II, III pancreatic cancer is 30% (3/10), 52% (13/25) and 73.68% (14/19) respectively. Smad is undetectable in normal pancreatic tissues.Conclusion:Survivin, a kind of apoptosis-inhibitor, is not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues, however it is frequently upregulated in pancreatic cancer(1) and has a positive correlation with the clinical staging and negatively correlation with the differentiation of pancreatic cancer, strongly suggesting that it is involved in this disease development and progression. In addition, assay for Survivin expression in pancreatic cancer is likely of prognostic significance.(2) PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, is negatively correlated with the staging of pancreatic cancer as well as with the differentiation of pancreatic cancer, implying a role in preventing pancreatic cancinogenesis. Also, PTEN can be developed as a usful tool for diagnosis and biological therapy.(3) The expression of Smad protein positively correlates with the clinical staging of pancreatic cancer and negatively correlates with the differentiation degree of pancreatic cancer, indicating that it plays a role in pancreatic oncogenesis.
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