| ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to get the data of body constitution feature on the Tibetan children and adolescent in Lhasa, to accumulate information for physical anthropology and ethnology, and to investigate the regularity of growth and development of the Tibetan and the factors which affect the growth and development, to assess the regularity of skeletal development and analyze the difference of several assessing means of skeletal age, to search the changing regularity of serology index; to analyze the genetic polymorphism of STR locus on the Tibetan population and get the data of population genetics.MethodsThe 1552 samples were chosen from unrelated children and adolescents aged from 7 to 21 years old in Tibetan population ( Lhasa). Then used questionnaire , anthropometric measurement, X rays, took blood samples, serology targets methods,and did Genetic studies of 15 STR on them. There were 11 targets including stature, weight and so on ,17 calculated targets including length of lower limb,length of thigh and leg and so on,5 girth targets including girth of chest, and 5 skinfold thickness including lateral calf. The somatotype was evaluated by heath - carter anthropometric methods. The skeletal age of the hand - wrist was assessed by CHN and Fels methods,the skeletal age of the knee was assessed by RWT method. Then skeletal age was calculated by computer. Sex hormones were measured with RIA. Leptin, PTH and CT were determined with ELISA. The serum levels of total - cacium (TCa) were determined with Arsenazo III.Using AmpFlSTR Identifier PCR amplification kit the 15 STR were amplified, the PCR products were detected by ABI -3100Avant genetic analyzer, the result was analyzed by DataColletion and GeneMapper softwares.Results1. The development of female adolescence starts and ends earlier, it is a continuous process. But the time of growth persist more shortly; the development of male later than female by one year, four indexes all present the developing spurt obviously, the highest value presents in group 10 years old and 13 years old, but the increasing of weight and circumference with age in male is not higher than female s, their growth time is longer, in the later stage of adolescence the increasing range is wider than female in the end . The development level of all indexes exceed females, so four indexes is higher in male than female in the the later stage of adolescence and is lower in the adolescence. With the increasing of age, the male skinfold of body become deeply, and become thin in the four extremity; in the female it becomes deeply in the body and four extremity. Furthermore, it is more obvious in the belly.2. the average somatotype of Tibetan adolescent in male is Mesomorphic Ectomorphy (2.5-3.1-3.8); in female, the average somatotype is Ectomor-ph - Endomorphy (3.7-2.6-3.4). The somatotype growth of Tibetan adolescents has special regularity: with the age growth, the somatotype develops from Central to Mesomorphic Ectomorphy in male, however, in female from Central, Balanced Ectomorphy, Ectomorph - Endomorphy Ectomorphic Endomorphy to Balanced Endomorphy.3. The assessing of skeletal age of the hand wrist and the knee of children and adolescent in Tibet by CHN scoring, Fels and RWT methods. With the increasing of age, the mean of skeletal ages are older, moreover, are all lower than the mean of the chronological age. It is also found that the mean of females skeletal age are obviously lower than males. In addition, there are differences between the hand - wrist and the knee in assigned skeletal age. The skeletal age assessed by CHN and Fels methods present highly positive correlation. The skel-etal ages of hand wrist of each age group, which assessed by CHN method, are obviously older than Fels method and more similar with the chronological age. Besides, the time of epiphysis - diaphysis fusion of male of the inferior end of radius and femur, superior end of the tibia and fibula is at 20. 22 ± 1. 24, 18.90 ± 1.55, 19.12 ± 1.39 and 19.62 ± 1.42 years and female 18.99 ±1.30, 17. 06 ± 1.29, 18.13 ± 1.67 and 18. 38 ± 1. 57 years, respectively.4. Serum leptin concentrations correlated with age, and increased with puberty development in girls, while remain constant or somewhat decrease in boys. At the same time, sex hormones concentrations in serum all increased. We find that serum leptin concentrations correlated positively with BMI, sum of skinfol-ds, fat mass, while have a negative relationship with fat free mass and testosterone. The results of female and male were TCa: (2. 83 ±0. 14) mmol/L, (2. 87±0.19) mmol/L, PTH: (7.42 ±8.04) ng/L, (10.39 ±11.35) ng/L, CT: (6. 79 ± 2. 63) ng/L, (6. 50 ± 2. 25) ng/L. Most of these data did not change significantly with age and gender besides the PTH level of female at age 16 was lower than that of male at the same age [ (5. 11 ± 3. 07) ng/L vs (14. 82 ± 13. 91) ng/L,P <0. 05]. The peak values of serum ALP in Tibetan boys occurred in 13 years (414. 82 ± 104. 93 ) U/L and 4 years (415. 25 ±91. 67) U/L. The peak values of serum ALP in Tibetan girls occurred in 12 years (366. 25 ±77. 96) U/L. The older the ages, the lower the ALP levels in boys and girls ( P <0. 05). The levels of serum ALP in 18 years (156. 25 ± 44. 50) U/L, (94. 83 ± 20.71) U /L. The values in girls were lower than those in boys of the same group (P<0.01).5. (1) The gene frequency of these 15 STR loci meet the Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium ( p >0.05 ) (2) In Lhasa Tibetan population, the 15 STR loci were detected 10,12,6,7,6,6,8,7,10,10,7,5,11,7,11 allele;23,47,18,19,16, 15 ,27 ,23 ,38 ,34,24 , 11,43 ,18 ,47 genotype. (3 ) In Lhasa Tibetan population , 15 STR loci DP at 0.7515 - 0.9599, H at 0.5576 - 0.8538, PIC at 0.5455 -0.8458, EPP at 0.3755 - 0. 8520, CDP is 0.999999999, CPEis 0.999999997.Conclusions1. The height, weight, chest circumstance and sitting height all increased with the increasing of age and coincided to the normal regular of usual children and adolescents. The physique constitution of the children and adolescents in Tibet was low obviously. The increasing of weight can be attributed to the lean weight and body fat. Both BF% and BMI are better index to evalue the nutritional status especially for the obese and overweight ones. The correlation between them in girls was higher than in boys.2. (1) the somatotype of Tibetan children and adolescent in male is more slender and muscle is stronger, in female the shape is more slender and body fat is more. (2) With the increasing of age, the somatotype of Tibetan adolescent presents marked difference between male and female. (3) Compared with the other eight groups, body fat is less and skeleton and muscle are not very strong in Tibetan children and adolescent. Before puberty, the somatotype of Tibetan children and adolescent is similar to Han nationality and Zhuang nationality; in puberty, the somatotype of Tibetan children and adolescent is similar to Han nationality , Zhuang nationality and Finn, however the somatotype of Tibetan children and adolescent in male is special and different to the other eight groups.3. With the increasing of age, development of the bone is more mature, at the same time, and present highly positive correlation with chronological ages, it is evidenced that development of the bone of Tibetan children and adolescent is consistent with growth and development's rule. The mean of skeletal ages of hand wrist and the knee are lower than chronological ages, according to it, it can be said that obvious delay of the skeletal development is a character of Tibetan children and adolescent in Tibet. Meanwhile, development of the bone for female is earlier than male, and maturation of bone for female is also earlier than male. Differences exist between the means of the skeletal ages of hand wrist assessed by CHN and Fels method. In addition, skeletal ages assessed by CHN method are more similar with the living age, so this.method is more fit to our country's adolescent. Moreover, there are differences between the skeletal ages of the... |
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