Effect Of AQPs And Ki67 On The Invasion And Metastasis Of Prostate Cancer

The patient with prostate cancer tends to proliferation and metastasis which results are threats for patient's life. The study of invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer aim at invasive power of cancer cell it self. More attention has been paid to the changes of microinvirment between cancer and extracellular matrix and action of each other recently.Ki67 was one of the most widespread used markers of cell proliferation .It's action was believed has relationship with cell mitosis and effectively reflected cell proliferation. In cell circle Ki67 appeared at late G1, rised at S and G2, achieved peak at M, disappeared at G0.AQPs (aquaporins) are a family of hydrophobic intrinsic the cell membrance which anticipated secretion and absorption of water. More than 13 kinds of AQPs was found .Studies discovered that AQPs played a great role on the invasion and metastasis of tumor cell .No reports was found about expression and distribution of AQPs on prostate cancer and it's relationship with Ki67.To identify the role of AQP1,AQP2,AQP3 and Ki67 on prostate cancer and effect with cell proliferation . We performed the experiment in order to research how happened of prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis .We first detected the location of Ki67 by immunohistochemistry. Second detected the location of AQP1,AQP2,AQP3 by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot and analyzed the relationship between AQP1,AQP2,AQP3 and Ki67 .Part one the expression of Ki67 in human prostate cancerObjective: To investigate the expression of Ki67 in prostate cancer epithelial.Method: The expression of Ki67 protein in 30 cases benign hyperplasia of prostate (BPH) and 36 cases prostate cancer that was classified well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated was measured by immunohistochemical technique.Results: Immunohistochemical study showed that Ki67 protein was expressed poorly on the cell nucleus of basal cell and secretion epithelial cell of BPH, Strongly expressed on the same position of prostate cancer. The Ki67 protein expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer than in BPH (P < 0.01) .There are great different between deferent prostate cancer differentiated (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Ki67 play a great role in the generation and development of prostate cancer. It could be a good marker to identify if prostate disease is innocence or malignant and help to estimate the recurrence and therapeutic efficacy.Part two The expression of AQP1,AQP2,AQP3 in human prostate cancerObjective: To investigate the expression of AQP1,AQP2,AQP3 in prostate cancer epithelial and discuss the relationship with Ki67.Method: The expression of AQP1,AQP2,AQP3 protein in 30 cases BPH and 30 cases prostate cancer were measured by immunohistochemical , real time RT-PCR and western blot technique.Results: Immunohistochemical study showed that AQP1 protein was expressed on capillary endothelia and glands of BPH, and expressed mainly on capillary endothelial cells of the tumor and prostate carcinoma tissues. The AQP1 protein expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer than in BPH (P < 0.01). AQP2 was expressed poorly both on BPH and prostate cancer. AQP3 expressed mainly on pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia on BPH. The levels of AQP1, 2, 3 mRNA and protein of prostate cancer were analyzed by using real time RT- PCR and Western Blotting respectively. A specific AQP1 band of 300 bp was tested by RT-PCR and 28 kDa was found by Western Blotting in all the test groups and control groups. The protein and mRNA expression of AQP1 was significantly higher in prostate cancer than in BPH (P < 0.01). AQP2 was not expressed both cancer and BPH.AQP3 was expressed both in prostate cancer and BPH, but more expressed in BPH than in prostate cancer (P < 0.01). .Conclusion: 1.AQP1 can change the microenvironment between the tumor cell and microvessel, thus promoting the development and the metastasis of tumors. 2. Ki67 upregulated by AQP1is a good marker for proliferation studies of prostate cancer.InnovationIt is the first time that we apply AQP1,2,3 as marker to study the etiology and development by immunohistochemical , real time RT-PCR and western blot technique respectively, so that we resolve the difficult problem that there was no study in this area. This research laid a foundation for prostate cancer research more step. It is the first time that we combined AQP with Ki67 as a mean to identify pathogenesis of prostate cancer.