The Theory And Method Of Constructing The Information Standard Of Community Health Service

To construct information standard of community health service (CHS) is fundamental premises for information exchanging and sharing of CHS. Establishing community health information classification and standard based on the practical condition of our country, which could not only solve the key issue in community health information system, but also perfect and standardize the functions of CHS, improve the service quality of CHS, propel the process of community health information standardization in our country. This research begins with establishing the community health information standard in our country, and then constructs its theory and method system.We use information requirement analysis to construct the function business model of CHS. Using literature retrieval, site investigation, Delphi method and IDEFO model method, we integrate the information of CHS function; build the function business model of community health service information system. Applying in national health information data model, we establish CHS conceptual data model, make the establishment of community health information standard unified in the national health information standard framework.We take the community health information conceptual data model as framework to extract metadata, standard and record the metadata, and establish data set, completing the arrangement and categorization of community health data.The main results include the following:(1) The function requirements analysis of CHSCHS information standard is connected tightly with CHS system which it services, it must reflect the nature and characteristic of CHS, mapping all the service function of CHS institution, satisfy the information needs of CHS at each management level, and it is required to reflect CHS information in multi-views. This investigation carried out requirements analysis of CHS function from following four aspects:①Literature retrieval: Collect 87 correlate policy documents in force in our country, induce the function of CHS; gather the definition of CHS function in other nation or area, so that we can learn from it.②Compare and analysis: Collect, summary and induce the available function contained in more than 300 CHS center information system.③On the-spot investigation: CHS carried out in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Hunan etc.④Optimization and integration: Integrate CHS function data acquired by all approach, and then get the business functional classification of CHS information system, including 4 categories, 15 subclasses and 28 business functions. (2) Establish the business model of CHS information functionFunction business model is used to describe the business function of CHS system, which specifies the occupation or task each service item must be achieved. The establishment of CHS function business model should be carried out according to the hierarchical structure including"function category—function subclass—function item(function area)—business process—business activity", and expressed in the form of function business model structure chart. This investigation divided the business function of CHS information system into four categories including community health management, community public health service, community primary medical service and community general management. Establish three basic processes to construct the CHS information function business model:①Develop the function area model of CHSFunction area is abstracted from the main business activity areas of CHS, not the copy of existent institutions, departments and divisions. The definition of function area should include its designation and description of function. When we definite the function area of CHS, the following four aspects should be considered: first, identify the guiding ideology, service object and principal responsibility; second, predict certain or possible variation about the service and the trend of CHS; third, analysis whether the function area defined have contained the goal, ideology, content and variation of CHS; fourth, whether the function area defined have covered the function of existent CHS institutions, departments and divisions.②Develop the business progress contained by each function areaBusiness progress or named business procedure is a group of activities closely associated in function area. The definition of business process should not only summarize the naming of its action, but also describe its action briefly.③Analysis business activityEach business process contains a finite number of business activities. Business activity is the most essential and smallest business unit which can not be divided after the decomposition of CHS function and business.(3) Establish community health information data modelCommunity health information data model model is the foundation of a series of standards including community health information impression, analysis and utilization. The frame mainly defines the bound and width of community health information. It can provide a standard definition for the information received by those who need it, at the same time, make the information definition keep clear and consisted in the information transmission procedure, provide support for information system design, so that the information could be better exchanged, shared and integrated in cross-field, cross-system and cross department. We establish CHS information data model applying the national health information data model, use simple layer structure. Each domain composes of sub-domain. According to the information complex degree, we divide the sub-domain into first class sub-domain, second class sub-domain, third class sub-domain and so on.(4) Abstract the metadata and establish data setTake CHS requirement analysis as a basic method to carry out data requirement analysis for community health activities and complete the arrangement and categorization of community health data. Take the community health information database as frame to abstract metadata, standard and record the metadata and establish data set, mainly including the following four aspects: ①Collect user view. User view, which reflects the viewpoint of end users to the metadata entities, is the integration of some data, it includes all kinds of documents, report forms, account and screen data format and so on. This investigation made out the categorization, definition and normalized expression of user view.②Analysis the data elements composition in user views. This investigation indicates the data item in user view should be"data element"(the smallest and inseparable data unit), not combined data item. We must classify the elementary data item one by one in every user view according to the entity classification of community health information conceptual data model, and then demonstrate them with UML object graph.③Abstract the data elements. After the abstraction of the classified data elements, the business chart is still demonstrated by object graph that is constituted of categories, attribute and the interrelationship among its categories. The category is a generic name of some objective assembly that has same attribute, operation and relationship. The category is drawn into rectangle in UML. Each category has one or more attribute, operation and relationship and also a name so that it can be discriminated from other categories. Attribute is used to simple data without titles, such as figures or character strings. Relationship is used to collect the objects identified.④Extract the metadata. Extract data elements from abstracted user view. Internalize and classify the metadata according to the national health information frame, establish data set for CHS.⑤Standard and record the medtata.⑥Establish data set. Conclusion: Establishing the theory and method system of constructing the information standard of CHS has considerable significance to provide theoretical guidance for the establishment of community health information standard.