Chinese Han Population With Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Gene Fine Mapping

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide medical problem with deep impact on every country. Annually millions of people are died of diabetes , mostly caused by its severe complications, such as complications of the cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal failure, or disabled by such complications as retinopathy, which led to blindness, lower limb amputation and so on. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of death and morbidity and is one of the five highest malignant diseases ranking in the prevalence and mortality in the world.The prevalence of diabetes in China until 80's still remains low, however, it has drastically raised at an increasing rate. The epidemic findings from the Cooperative Organization of National diabetes mellitus demonstrated that the prevalence of diabetes in 1994 has been 3 times more than that in 1980. Nationwide there are an estimated 150 million people with the disease presently. Moreover, due to the onset of the disease occurs on average 4-7 years before diagnosis, the true affected individuals will be more than that we have imagined.Type 2 diabetes is a common multifactorial heterogeneous polygenic disease with both genetic and environmental determinants and an uncertain mode of inheritance and our understanding on the etiology of diabetes mellitus remains little. The interplay of several genetic determinants and environmental factors has led to the the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiologically it includes two forms: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes; and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2 diabetes.Type 1 diabetes patients usually present in adolescence to early adulthood, with defective insulin secretion in response to glucose. As the major form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes accounts for almost 90% of all cases, occurs mainly in adulthood.The subtypes of diabetes mellitus, e.g. maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), maternally inherited deafness and diabetes (MIDD), hyperproinsulinemia diabetes, may represent only 5% of all patients with type 2 diabetes forms. Most of the cases, however, is the common type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin action, followed by an inability of the β cell to compensate for insulin resistance. Pathophysiologically it can be depicted as (1) resistance to insulin action on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, especially skeletal muscle and...