Exploration Seismic Data Acquisition System Design

As we all know, oil is the nonrenewable resource and the important strategic mineral resource. On the other side, oil is directly related to people's life and National Security. Seismic Data Acquisition System (SDAQ) is the kernel equipment for Geophysical exploration and it will restrict the ability of exploration and international competition. So researching SDAQ is the requirement of competition for interests, national power, price and market etc.But in the field of SDAQ, China has been in a backward state for a long time. The SDAQs in our exploration market are all imported, this seriously constraints the development of our oil exploration and petroleum industry. In order to design exploration equipments better and more initiatively, the research of Design of Exploration Seismic Data Acquisition System was established.First, we summarize the structure and characters of the SDAQ based on the principles of seismic exploration. Then we design the SDAQ logical model which is composed of front-end data acquisition, data transmission, back-end data processing and analysis controlling system. These four sub-systems constitute a four-level architecture model. Thirdly, we describe these four sub-systems in detail. Finally two real SDAQs, marine SDAQ and VSP SDAQ, are described. These two SDAQ are designed on the direction of the method presented by this article.This thesis is composed of 8 chapters, whose abstracts are listed below:Chapter 1: InstroductionIn this chapter, we summarize the structure and characters of SDAQ based on researching ofthe principles and methods of seismic exploration. Then we describe the SDAQ developmentstatus. Finally, the thesis meaning and contents are presented.Chapter 2: Brief Description of SDAQ DesignSDAQ should be designed to meet the need of oil exploration and development of physical geography with the help of proper technologies. Designers should not pursue new technologies and high performances. In this chapter, we design the model of SDAQ. This model is the basic subject for the chapters followed and is the guider for actual system design. Finally, some points are presented in the realizing of SDAQ.Chapter 3: Design of Acquisition SystemAcquisition is the front-end sub-system which converts analog seismic signal to digital signals. This sub-system is composed of sensors, analog pre-processing and digital processing circuit. Acquisition system is the bottle-neck of the SDAQ. It restricts the key performances of the SDAQ, such as Dynamic Range and Total Harmonic Distortion. In this chapter, we describe the design detail and restrictions of the acquisition system. Chapter 4: Design of Transmission SystemThe digital SDAQ has a multi-level architure which uses digital signal transmission method. This makes it possible to carry out 2D/3D survey. But great capacity of channels increase the pressure on the transmission system including the topology and transmission method. In this chapter, we describe the topologies of pipeline, bus and network. We also describe the electronic, optic and wireless transmission method. Finally, we describe a data compressing algorithm for seismic data.Chapter 5: Design of Processing SystemProcessing system fulfills the functions of data receiving, formatting and storing. The structure of processing system restricts the maximum number of channels, expansibility and high availability. In this chapter, we describe the design and realizing of processing system combined with the marine and VSP SDAQ.Chapter 6: Design of Control SystemA three-level architecture control system is presented. This architecture adapts to the seismic exploration. Manage level, front-end control level and device control level constitute the control system. The control software system includes main control software and quality control software. Finally, we also describe the synchronization system.Chapter 7: Examples of SDAQIn this chapter, we describe two SDAQs which are actual systems and have been tested andaccepted by departments related. The two SDAQs are marine SDAQ and VSP SDAQ.Chapter 8: Conclusions and FutureIn this we describe the developments of SDAQ. Then we point out the research aspects of the SDAQ because of the trends of developments. Furthmore, original idears, highlight points and the author contributions are pointed out.