Shunyi District, 35 Years Old And Above Crowd Near Vision Damage Cross-sectional Survey And The Progress Of The Follow-up Study

Purpose:To estimate the prevalence and incidence of the near vision impairment among adults aged≥35years in Shunyi District of Beijing China, to study the effect of age, sex and education on near vision impairment, to assess the participant-reported near visual function, to evaluate of spectacle usage and work impact associated with near vision impairment, to assess socioeconomic burden of near vision impairment.Methods:The study was devided into two parts. The first was designed as a population-based cross-sectional survey,and the second was a prospective longitudinal epidemiological survey. A sample of2445adults aged≥35years in Shunyi District of Beijing were examined as baseline cross-sectional survey from April to June in2009They were reexamined between August2011and November2011as the follow-up study.The staff of this study was recruited from Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Shunyi Public Security Hospital. Besides the visual acuity examination, such as the near visual acuity, refraction were also measured Those with uncorrected visual acuity, as well as near visual acuity equal or less than0.5, were progressively tested to obtain the best corrected visual acuity and the best corrected near visual acuity. The uncorrected near visual acuity equal or less than0.5is defined as uncorrected near vision impairment. The presenting near visual acuity equal or less than0.5is defined as presenting near vision impairment. The best corrected near visual acuity equal or less than0.5is defined as the best corrected near vision impairment.Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting individuals. Individuals were invited to answer Self-reported Visual Function Questionnaire and the Spectacle and Work Productivity Questionnaire in order to assess the impact of near-vision impairment on visual functioning and quality of life, and the status of the refractive service.After the field work, all the data were cleaned and analyzed by STATA. SAS software was used for F test,χ2test, logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regressions. Results:2445adults were examined in the baseline study in2009.The response rate was89.96%(2445/2771).Among those2445participants,2016adults were followed up in2011.The follow-up response rate was82.58%(2019/2445).In the baseline and follow-up study, the distribution of the uncorrected near visual acuity was similar with the presenting near visual acuity. The best corrected near visual acuity was better than the presenting near visual acuity.In baseline cross-sectional survey,the prevalence of uncorrected near vision impairment was72.79%. The prevalence of presenting near vision impairment was72.74%. The prevalence of the best near vision impairment was15.33%.The prevalence of near vision impairment was increasing by ageing significantly. The prevalence of near vision impairment was significantly decreased by the increase of education. Sex was not the main influencing factor. The risk of near vision impairment increased by aging, but decreased by increase of education.The incidence of near vision impairment among age35to49year groups was25.63%, among age50to64year groups was76.04%, among age equal or more than65year groups was100.00%. The incidence of near vision impairment among the male was29.17%, among the female was40.25%.The incidence of near vision impairment increased by aging significantly. The female were more suffered from near vision impairment significantly. The risk of near vision impairment incidence increased by the decrease of education.The score of Self-reported Visual Function Questionnaires was decreased by ageing significantly. Sex and education did not affect the score of Self-reported Visual Function Questionnaires. In baseline cross-sectional survey,88.02%(1132/1286) of respondents had reading glasses. In follow-up study,42.74%(421/985) of participants had reading glasses. The result of the Spectacle and Work Productivity Questionnaires showed that the rate of correcting near vision impairment was ineffective in the baseline and the follow-up study.During the28months, the prevalence of the uncorrected near vision impairment,the presenting near vision impairment and the best corrected near vision impairment was significantly increased respectively. The score of Self-reported Visual Function Questionnaire was decreasing significantly. The effect of adults aged≥35years caused by near vision impairment was deteriorated, especially the performance of the older participants on the overall evaluation of the near vision function and the difficulty of the close work.Conclusion:Age is the main influencing factor on the prevalence of near vision impairment.Female gender and the older age are associated with an increased risk of near vision impairment. The self-reported visual function of the senior participants is worse, and the quality of life of them has been affected by the near vision impairment. The recent coverage of corrected glasses for near visual acuity should be improved. Near vision impairment is an important public health problem. Near vision impairment prevention programs should be expanded, particularly for women and the older adults. Greater attention should also be given to correction of refractive error.