Efficacy And Mechanism On Amelioration Of Insulin Resistance In Liupao Tea And Jasmine

Liupao tea is one of Chinese post-fermented teas with unipue flavour, originating in Liubao town, Cangwu County, Guangxi, which has traditionally been drunk in Southern part of China and Southeast Asia. Dark tea, so called post-fermented tea, was proved to possess unipue healthy efficacy, especially anti-obesity, hypolipidemia, hypoglycemia effects attracting more scientists' attention. Jasmine flower residue is left after Jasmine tea scented, which is usually regarded pollutional garbage. Comprehensive ultilization of Jasmine flower residue has not been found currently and the essential value is fully ignored. Basic and applied research in Liupao tea and Jasmine have been greatly lagging behind market demand. Liupao tea and Jasmine flower can ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Insulin resistance is the indispensable stage and outcome of diabetes. Research on chemical ingredients and hypoglycemia mechanism will help to highlight the ultilization of Liupao tea and Jasmine. The main results are as follows:1chemical ingredients'analysis of Liupao tea and JasmineLiupao tea was characterised by infrared spectrum without the process of chemical ingredients' isolation of Liupao tea. The Liupao tea's quality is concluded according to IR fingerprint of different perssads in multi-ingredients. IR spectrum and second derivative spectrum of Liupao tea power and extracts were conducted. The results showed that IR spectum of Liupao tea possesses the same characters, in which the similarity factor of peak intensity with same wave number are more than0.96. Cluster Dendrogram shows that similar aging time Liupao teas have close relationship. Difference can be found in IR spectrums of power and extract from a same tea, and also in which of powers or extracts from different aging time teas.Ingredients'analysis results show that Liupao tea shares great same constituents with other dark teas. Polyphenols and total sugar content have a reducing trend and theaflavin, Thearubigin and Theabrownin content increase with aging time extending. Alteration of chemical ingredients may be the key factor on Liupao tea healthy efficacy compared to non-fermented teas. Theaflavins in different aging time Liupao tea extracts range from0.19to0.42%, thearubigin from1.26to3.24%, theabrownin from9.49to16.29%.Jasmine extracts contain0.68%protein,6.84%polyphenol,8.6%total sugar.2the effects of palmitate on glucose and lipid's metabolism in HepG2cellsInsulin resistant HepG2cell model is established by incubation with0.4mmol/L palmitate for16h, with glucose consumption decreasing, content of total cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation increasing, expression of GLUT2, HL and AMPKa2mRNA decreasing, expression of PEPCK and ACC2mRNA increasing.Metformin can ameliorate insulin resistance in HepG2cell model, with increasing glucose consumption and glycogen content, decreasing content of total cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, up-regulating the expression of GLUT2, HL and AMPKa2mRNA. Simvastatin also ameliorate insulin resistance in HepG2cell model, with increasing glycogen content, decreasing content of total cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, up-regulating the expression of GLUT2, HL mRNA, down-regulating the expression of PEPCK and ACC2mRNA.3the effects of Liupao tea and Jasmine on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in ratsObese rat model is successfully established by feeding high fat chow containing high content of lard, sugar and yolky powder for8weeks. Body weight, content of lipid, level of AST and TG all decrease, level of HDL increases after administration of Liupao tea and Jasimine extracts in high fat diet induced obese rats. Levels of rats' fasting plasma and insulin, AUC of glucose tolerance test also lower, while the insulin sensitivity index rises. Symptom of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high fat diet are improved.4the effects Liupao tea and Jasmine on insulin resistance in diabetic ratsDiabetic rat model is successfully established by feeding high fat chow combining with intraperitoneal inject of streptozotocin. Food intake of rats has a little decrease after administration of Liupao tea extracts in the end of the experiment. Body weight of high dose group is a little heavier than which of model group, AUC of glycose tolerance test less, fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin lower compared with model group. Three group rats of Jasmine extracts has weight loss, AUC of glycose tolerance test less, fasting plasma glucose level lower, fasting insulin level higher compared with model group.5the effect of Liupao tea and Jasmine on metabolism mechanism of glucose and lipidsLiupao tea and Jasmine extracts can improve glucose intake of insulin resistant HepG2cell and lower level of total cholesterol. This may attributes to up-regulate the expression of AMPKα2, HL mRNA, accelerating energy metabolism and lipid oxidation. Akt phosphorylation in ser473may improve glucose transport and liver glycogen synthesis. Jasmine extracts also can improve glucose intake, and lower level of total cholesterol, increase the expression of HL mRNA, reduce the expression of MPKa2,ACC1mRNA.6incredients and mechanism of ameliorating insulin resistance in Liupao tea and JasmineIngredients in Liupao tea related to antiobsity, hypolipidemia and hypoglycemia include gallic acid, catechins, theaflavins, stastins, tea polysaccharides, tea polyphenols and theabrownins. In the fermenting stage, the content of catechins and tea polyphenols reduce while the content of theaflavins, statins and theabrownins increase. The effective ingredients of ameliorating insulin resistance may be related to the increase of theaflavins and theabrownins'content, or to the alteration of ratio among different ingredients. The improvement of insulin resistance may attribute to the synergistic effect of various effective ingredients acting on multiple targets. The curative effect is through up-regulation of AMPK mRNA expression, activation of Akt, increase of glucose intake and promotion of lipid oxidation. Jasmine contains high content of flavonoids and polyphenols such as carotene, oleanolic acid, quercetin and rutin, which help to lower the accumulation of lipids. Polysaccharides in Jasmine can also lower the blood glucose level.