| Objective:Cerebrovascular disease threaten humanity's health and life severely,but the Ischemia Cerebrovascular Disease approximately composes each kind of stroke about 80%. In the superior creature cerebra,the synapse transmission's plasticity becomes the popular topic of the neuroscience research in nearly 30 years.About its mechanism research,many scholars have carried on the discussion in different way,but it is deficient regarding the acupuncture adjusting synapse plasticity aspect.As a kind of exogenous signal,acupuncture is the clinical fruitful cerebra ischemic damage recovery method.Whether its mechanism is relevant to regulating synaptic transmission performance to mobilize the body's self-repairing systems to promote the formation of the cerebra plasticity? This article has conducted the research from the following several aspects.1.Literature searchThis part discusses the nominating of stroke in the ancient Chinese medicine.The etiology and pathology of stroke and the ancient records relating to acupuncture treatment are also discussed which can guide us recognize deeply ancient literature search background of stroke.In recent years the research on Cerebrovasular Disease has found that the synapses can self-recovery and reconstruct at different stages.Therefore this article carries on the summary on the synapse plasticity and the related material,to lay the rationale for further study cerebra ischemia damage mechanism with acupuncture treatment.2.Experimental studyIn this study,by comparing the rats' study memory abilities,the changes of synaptic ultrastructure and the dynamic expression changes of synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 at different time after cerebra ischemia happens as well as the influence of acupuncture on above by using DU meridian Baihui(GV20)and Dazhui(GV14)acuponits are also observed.2.1 Methods:2.1.1 250 healthy male Wistar rats are randomly divided into 5 groups:t-he shamoperation group(A),the ischemia group(B),the ischemia+electro-acupuncture group (C),the ischemia+DL-AP5 group(D)and the ischemia+DL-AP5+electroacupuncture (EA)group(E).Each group is divided into 1hour,3hours,6hours,12hours,and 2w eeks five time sections.The animal model duplication is established by heat-coagula tion-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery to cause focal cerebral ischemia which was usually used before.The middle cerebral arteries are exposed without heat-coagulation in A.After the model duplication finishes,D and E are respectivel y fixed on the stereotaxic apparatus to inject NMDAR antagonist compo-und DL-AP 5 into the lateral ventricle.C and E are accepted EA treatment with Bahui(G20)a nd Dazhui(GV14)acupoints.2.1.2 Y labyrinth test result:C and E are accepted EA treatment first,after the treatment each group is tested Y labyrinth result after focal cerebral ischemia 3hours,6hours,12hours, 2weeks,recording each group result at different time.2.1.3 Synaptic ultrastructure:3 rats of each group in 25 groups are chosen randomly at 12hours,2weeks The rats are fixed by intracardial perfusing.The brains are exposed and the samples are taken from cerebral cortex of ischemic area.Electronmicographs of synapses are observed at magnification 15,000 by electronmicroscopy JEM-1200EX.The thickness of postsynaptic density(PSD),the width of synaptic cleft,the length and curvature of synaptic interface are measured to observe the changes and the effects of EA.2.1.4 The immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38:250 rats are intracardially perfused at 1hour,3hours,6hours,12hours,2weeks.The immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 of ischemic area cerebral cortex is detected with immunohistochemical method the influence of EA is also observed.2.1.5 The immune positive expression of GAP-43:250 rats are intracardially perfused at 1hour,3hours,6hours,12hours,2weeks.The immune positive expression of the GAP-43 of ischemic area cerebral cortex is detected with immunohistochemical method the influence of EA is also observed.2.2 Results:2.2.1 Y labyrinth test resultThe study memory ability of each group drops after cerebra ischemia 3hours,which has the significant difference comparing with A respectively(P＜0.01).Along with cerebra ischemia time extends to 6hours,the rats' study memory abilities instead drop comparing with 3hours.When cerebra ischemia time extends to 12hours,the rats' study memory abilities improve.Along with the cerebra ischemia time continuing extending to 2weeks, the rats take little time when they are stimulated to run from non-secure area to the security zone.The test result of C is close to A,which indicates that the focal cerebral ischemia rats are inclined to the recovery.And B surpasses D(P＜0.01),C surpasses B(P＜0.01),E surpasses D(P＜0.01).2.2.2 Synaptic ultrastructure:2.2.2.1 the width of synaptic cleft and the thickness of PSD aspects:B drops obviously at 12hours and 2weeks stage,which has the significant difference comparing with A respectively(P＜0.01);But surpasses same stage D,which has the significant difference comparing with D separately(P＜0.01);Comparing with E,the 12hours has not obvious difference(P＞0.05),2weeks has the significant difference(P＜0.01).C surpasses obviously same stage B,both 12hours and 2weeks have the significant difference(P＜0.01);Also surpasses D and E,which has the significant difference(P＜0.01)comparing with D and E respectively;But it is lower than A,which has the significant difference comparing with A respectively(P＜0.01).D is lower than same stage A obviously,which has the significant difference comparing with A respectively(P＜0.01).E surpasses same stage D,which has the significant difference(P＜0.01);But it is lower than A all the time(P＜0.01).2.2.2.2 The length and curvature aspect:B drops at 12hours and 2weeks stage,which has the significant difference comparing with A respectively(12hours,P＜0.01;2weeks, P＜0.05);But surpasses same stage D,which has the significant difference comparing with D separately(P＜0.01);Comparing with E,neither of 12hours and 2weeks has obvious difference(P＞0.05).C surpasses obviously same stage B,both 12hours and 2weeks have the significant difference(12hours,P＜0.01;2weeks,P＜0.05);Also surpasses D,both 12hours and 2weeks have the significant difference comparing with D respectively (P＜0.01);surpassing E(12hours,P＜0.01;2weeks,P＜0.05);But it is lower than A,which has the significant difference comparing with A respectively(P＜0.01).E surpasses same stage D,which has the significant difference(P＜0.01);But it is lower than A all the time (P＜0.01).2.2.3 The immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 Among the expression,A expresses few,C expresses the most.2.2.3.1 After the rats cerebra ischemia 1hour,the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 decrease slightly:2.2.3.1.1 Regarding P38,B is higher than A and D,which has the significant difference comparing with the two groups separately(P＜0.01);But it is lower than C and E,which has the significant difference comparing with the two groups separately(P＜0.01);The positive cells C expressing is higher than any other group in each high visual field averagely,which has extremely significant difference comparing with the other groups (P＜0.001);There is no significant difference between D and A(P＞0.05);E expresses higher than D,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01).2.2.3.1.2 Regarding GAP-43,B is higher than A,D and E,but is lower than C.There is significant difference between B and A,C,D(P＜0.001).But there is no obvious difference between B and E(P＞0.05).C is higher than any other group,which has the significant difference comparing with the other groups respectively(P＜0.01);D Expresses higher than A,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01);E Expresses higher than D,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01).2.2.3.2 Along with cerebra ischemia time extends to 3hours,the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 is higher than 1hour:B is higher than A and D,there is significant difference between B and A,D(P＜0.01); But it is lower than C,there is remarkable difference between B and C(P＜0.01);But comparing with E,there is no obvious difference(P＞0.05);C is higher than any other group,which has the extremely significant difference comparing with the other groups respectively(P＜0.001);D expresses higher than A,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01);E expresses higher than D,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01).2.2.3.3 Along with cerebra ischemia time extends to 6hours,the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 is lower than 1hour instead.B is higher than A and D,there is significant difference between B and A,D(P＜0.01); But it is lower than C,there is remarkable difference between B and C(P＜0.01);But comparing with E,there is no obvious difference(P＞0.05);C is higher than any other group,which has the extremely significant difference comparing with the other groups respectively(P＜0.001);D expresses higher than A,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01);E expresses higher than D,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01).2.2.3.4 Along with cerebra ischemia time extends continuously to 12hours,the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 increases higher than 6hours obviously.B is higher than A and D,there is significant difference between B and A,D(P＜0.01); But it is lower than C,there is remarkable difference between B and C(P＜0.01);But comparing with E,there is no obvious difference(P＞0.05);C is higher than any other group,which has the extremely significant difference comparing with the other groups respectively(P＜0.001);D expresses higher than A,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01);E expresses higher than D,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01).2.2.3.5 Along with the ischemia time extends to 2weeks,the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 is not observed to increase but to decrease to 3hours.It shows that the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 doesn't present increasing continuously along with the time extension,but presents changing. Although the expression of each group decreases,which is still higher than A,indicating that the wounded cerebra organization cannot restore to the normal level.The positive cells B expressing is higher than A and D in each high visual field averagely,there is significant difference between B and A,D(P＜0.01);But comparing with E,there is no obvious difference(P＞0.05);C is higher obviously than any other group,which has the extremely significant difference comparing with the other groups respectively(P＜0.001);D expresses higher than A,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01);E expresses higher than D,there is remarkable difference between them(P＜0.01).2.4 Conclusion:2.4.1 Heat-coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery causing the focal cerebral ischemia model is one of more successful models in animal experiment research at present,by this experimental study to confirm that the way is reliable and feasible.2.4.2 When the rats' cerebra is ischemic,its study memory abilities decline,which is possibly relevant to the disarrangement of synaptic structure and quantity reduction.EA can improve study memory ability of the ischemic rats,which is possibly related to EA promotes the synapse reconstruction and synapse relation.2.4.3 When the rats' cerebra is ischemic,the synaptic interface structure parameter of its around ischemic area in the cerebral cortex changes,displays the thickness of PSD drops, the width of synaptic cleft reduces,the length and curvature of synaptic interface decreases, which causes its study memory abilities to drop.However,EA can enhance the ischemic rats' study memory abilities,which is possibly relevant to EA increasing the thickness of PSD,increasing the width of synaptic cleft,elevating the length and curvature of synaptic interface.2.4.4 When the rats' cerebra is ischemic,the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 around its ischemia area in the cerebral cortex increases, which is possibly relevant to the disarrangement of the synaptic structure,the compensation of presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane,the new synapses production to establish new synapse relation.EA can enhance the immune positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 around its ischemia area in the cerebral cortex,promoting synapse reconstruction,enhancing synapse transmission potency,which is advantageous for the ischemic rats' self-restoration.2.4.5 This experimental study result indicates that the thickness of PSD,the width of synaptic cleft and the length and curvature of the ischemia +DL-AP5+ EA group distinguishes obviously to be higher than the ischemia +DL-AP5 group,which prompts EA can reverse the thickness of PSD,the width of synaptic cleft and the length and curvature reduction caused by NMDAR antagonist compound DL-AP5 to a certain extent.EA strengthens the synapse transmission potency to promote the cerebra function restoration.2.4.6 By the Y labyrinth test result,the synaptic ultrastructure and the positive expression result of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43,the synapse exists plasticity.This experimental study result indicates that EA can enhance the ischemic rats' study memory abilities,to promote synapse remolding,to increase the immune positive expression of P38 and GAP-43,to strengthen the synapse transmission potency,which promotes the ischemic damage restoration as soon as possible.2.4.7 The experimental result indicates that at cerebra ischemia damage 6hours,the width of synaptic cleft,the thickness of PSD and the length and curvature reduces comparing with 3hours instead,the positive expression of the synaptophysin P38 and GAP-43 reduces, however,at this time the ischemic rats' study memory abilities also drop,which shows that study memory ability is closely related to the synapse plasticity.From above conclusion,we consider acupuncture promotes the synapse reconstruction and synapse relation the cerebra ischemia.This is possibly one of mechanisms in treating ischemic cerebra damages by acupuncture.
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