Studies On The Chemical Constituents And Bioactivities Of Panax Ginseng C.A.Meyer Cv. Silvatica

In the thesis, the chemical constituents, finger print and bioactivities about Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica were studied for the first time, which was expected not to discover the different constituents among the three kinds of ginseng but to offer scientific basis to accelerate its further application and guarantee the quality control.As the seeds of cultivated ginseng are sown artificially in the natural environment and grow freely about 10 years or more, the ginseng will change to another new kind of ginseng named Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica. Being a semi-wild ginseng between cultivated and grew wildly ginseng, the development of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica has developed rapidly in recent years. However, the research on its theoretical basis has not carried out yet. It is urgent to begin the study as the the quantity of wild ginseng is reducing abruptly, while the cultivation and application of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica are growing widely.The chemical constituents of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica were investagated in detail. 40 kinds of compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography of silica gel, reversed phase silica column, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization methods.37 of them were identified according their physico-chemical properties and spectrum analysis, including 11 kinds of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides and 9 kinds of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides,the 17 kinds of other compounds were as follow:3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D -glucopyranosyl]-11,12-epoxy-dammar-20S,24R-epoxy-3β,12β,25-triol(21),3-O-[β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-11,12-epoxy-dammar-20S,24S-epoxy-3β,12-β,25-triol(22),androstene-17[2'-(6'-methyl-3'-ethyl-1',5'-octyldiene)]-5-ene-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoiside(23),cyclogeraniol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoiside (24),stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoiside (25),5,6-dihydrogenate-stigmasterol-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoiside(26),β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoiside(27),β-sitosterol(28),5-ene-my- ristic acid(29),2-ethyl-4-ene-1-nonanol(30),(-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid(31),2-O-(α- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-fructose(32),octadecanoic acid (33),n-heptadecane(34),4-ethyl- -2-ene-1-nonanol(35),1,4-benzene-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester(36),3-propyl-2-ene -1-octanol(37).Compound 21,22, 23, and 24 were four new saponins obtained for the first time which were named Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica A, B, C and D respectively.At the same time, the volatile oil of this new ginseng species was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS for the first time.The chemical constituents in the volatile oil of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica were different from that of other kinds of ginseng.The average content of total ginsenosides in the root of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica was about 4.6% determined for the first time by colorimetric method, which was lower than that of wild ginseng but higher than cultivated ginseng.The bioactivity tests were carried out to investigate the effects of total saponins of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica on the hyperglycemic rats at different doses. The blood glucose, body weight, food and water intake of experimental animals were analyzied.Both the high and middle doses(0.40g·kg-1 ,0.20g·kg-1)of the drug could reduce the blood glucose and water intake of hyperglycemic rats distinctively compared with control group.Only the high doses group animals'body weight increased while their food and water intake decreased.The HPLC finger print of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica was also studied for the first time too. About 16 co-possessing peaks were selected as the finger print peaks while taking ginsenoside Rb1 peak as the inner reference peak. If the symbol of ginsenoside Rb1 peak was S, the co-possessing peaks could be described as follow using relative retaining time as marking parametre, 0.225 (1);0.537(2);0.556(3);0.834(4);0.931(5);0.965(6);1.000(S);1.082(7);1.127 (8+9);1.150(10);1.168(11+12);1.185(13);1.194(14);1.211(15);The co-possessing peaks could also be demarcated by relative peak area, such as 0.179(1);0.708(2);0.812(3);0.291(4);0.107(5);0.143(6);1.000(S);0.566(7);0.430(8+9);0.141(10);0.329(11+12);0.093(13);0.089(14);0.087(15). The similarities between each of the ten batches of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica were between 0.90 and 1.00 which coincidence the criterion of finger print. The HPLC finger prints offered in the research could be applied for the quality control of this drug material.Besides above research, X-ray diffraction finger print of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv. Silvatica was also discussed in the thesis. About 34 co-possessing characteristic peaks were chosen as the finger print peaks which could be considered as standard parameters of this kind of ginseng and might be further used for not only qualitative identification but also quality control.The distinctively difference of HPLC and X-ray diffraction finger print among three kinds of ginseng was studied for the first time .The chemical constituents,bioactivities and finger print about Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cv. Silvatica were made a deep investigation in the thesis. The results would fill the theoretical basis research blank of it as well as supply good methods for quality control. Further more, they also offered strong, accurate and scientific theoretical basis to the wide application of this kind of ginseng, which might produce even higher theoretical and economic value.