The Investigation Of Children's Health Status In Jinan Rural Area

BackgroundRegardless of pre-school children or school-age children, they are at the stage of rapid growth and development. Their status of health has always been concerned by pediatricians. In recent years, the morbidity of physical diseases on children has lowered gradually. Although a lot of researches on the impact on children's health from the view of environment, education, economy and psychology both at home and abroad have been reported, the subject still concentrates on the children's growth and development.Growth and development are basic features and biological of children. For healthy children, monitoring children's growth and development may reflect their current status and their developmental potentials;for sick children it contributes to the early detection of diseases, the follow-up process and the evaluation of treatments. For a group, monitoring their growth and development can not only reflect the trend of children's growth and development and the risk factors that may affect them, but also reflect political, economic and cultural development of the country indirectly. With the rapid development of China's social economy, the health level and lifestyles have changed a lot. Observing and grasping the children's health status and the trend of physical development, understanding and analyzing the differences in children's growth and development, finding out problems and impact factors ,are of great significance to perfect the management and monitoring systems of children's physical development, children's clinical work, children's health service and scientific researches.According to the indicators recommended by WHO on Geneva Conference in 1983 and height that refers to the reference values of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) , calculated HAZ (Height for age Z score) <2 is defined as stunting. According to this criteria, the growth and development status of a significant proportion of preschool children remains unsatisfactory in China's provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, especially in rural areas. Due to cultural, economic ,medical care conditions and other factors ,the growth and development level of rural areas fall behind the urban's significantly. The decennial (1995)national nutrition survey data collected by Ministry of Health of China shows that rural children's heights, both male and female,are lower than that of the urban children's in the corresponding age.And the survey on rural children was mostly concentrated in the western areas or undeveloped depressed areas. With the urbanization process, earth-shaking changes have taken place in the urban outskirts,where economic basis, medical and health work has also gradually changed.Therefore, this issue intends to investigate the status of children's growth and development and the status of common diseases in the outskirts of cities - suburbs, and to find out the health-related impacts and problems to minimize the adverse impact on the rural life as possible as we can, and to provide theoretical basis for taking further appropriate interventions.PART 1: The study of pre-school children's health status一,The study of pre-school children's growth and development status in Shanghe countyObjective To evaluate the status of growth and development of preschool children with 3-6 years old in Shanghe County. To understand the main problems of pre-school children and to provide the scientific evidence for enhancing the standard of health care. Methods Random cluster sampling was used and 1612 preschool children were checked for weight and height. The related information were investigated with the uniform questionnaire . To conduct assessments by the criteria of National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)and the criteria of Chinese jiushi. Results According the Z score , 85 percent of pre-school children were higher than the middle level.There was no serious anemia in all children.The prevalence of underweight stunting and wasting were 2.36%,2.11% and 0.37%respectively. There was significant difference between county and village with underweight and stunting(p<0.01). Conclusions The status of pre-school children in Shanghe County was better than that of the average of all over the country.There are gap among the pre-school children of county ,town and village. Some comprehensive intervention should be carried out to improve health statua.二,The reserch of common diseases of pre-school children in Shanghe countyObjective To study the status of common diseases of preschool children in Shanghe County. To analysis the cause of these diseases and provide the evidence for health policy. Methods Random cluster sampling was used and 1612 preschool children were checked for physical examine and chemical examine . The uniform questionnaire were always abtained. Results The prevalence of anemia ,rickets of vitamin D and undersight were 0.81%, 3.66% and 2.61%.There was no difference of the prevalence between the two sexes .The prevalence of rickets and undersight in group of county was slightly higher than that of town and village. Conclusions The status of anemia in Shanghe County was lower than the average of the country. The health education and health care should be to enhance in our countryside further. 三,Investigation on the status of caries of pre-school children in Shanghe countyObjective To study the status of dental caries of preschool children with 2-6 years old in Shanghe County of Shandong Province. Methods Random cluster sampling was used and 2052 preschool children were checked for dental caries. Results The incidence of caries of deciduous teeth in Shanghe County was 52.97%,2.18 of mean caries and 0.18% of the fill rate .There was no difference between the two sexes .The incidence of caries of deciduous teeth of preschool children increased with their age (P<0.01) .The prevalence rate of caries in group of county town was slightly higher than that of village town and village. Conclusions The status of caries of deciduous teeth in Shanghe County was not better. The oral health care would be to enhance in our countryside.四,The analysis of pre-school children health status in Shanghe countyfor 4 yearsObjective To study the trend of preschool children's health stastus in Shanghe County for 4 years . Methods The data was used by grow monitoring and 1500 preschool children who checked for growth and development in 4 years were comparised. Results The incidence of malnutrition in Shanghe County was downed gradually.The prevalence of underweight ,stunting and wasting were 1.78%,1.27% and 0.12% respectively.More and more obesity were appeared. The prevalence of it was 4.5% in 2008. In the past 4 years ,there are also differences with malnutrition and obesity among the different areas, but there was no difference with anemia among different areas. Conclusions The nutrition status of entirely area is fine.While children malnutrition morbidity comes down we should pay attention to obesity,and to prevent and cure anemia. Part2 The study of school age children's health status五,The investigation of school age children with obesity in Jinan ruralareaObjective To investigate the situation of school age children's obesity in jinan rural area and to provide scientific evidence for prevention of obesity . Methods Random cluster sampling was used and 2601 6-10 years old students of primary school were checked for height and weight . These students were came from county ,town and village.Random one day's diet was investigated by 24-hour dietary recall and weight method. The related risk factors were investigated with the uniform questionnaire . Results The prevalence of obesity in Jinan children was 7.6%. Urban children had a higher prevalence than rural children.The prevalence of county, town and village were 7.23%, 1.23% and 0.61% respectively. There was a obvious difference amomg them. Conclusions It was demonstrated that the main reason of obesity was adverse intake,the intake of high protein and high fat were more than reference intake.There is an urgent need to carry out prevention and control for obesity of children .To diet rational and to train proberbly can release the incidence of obesity.六,Epidemiological study on Children Hypertension and risk factorsin school age children of Jinan areaObjective To understand the epidemiological features of children's blood pressure and the risk factors of children's hypertension . Methods Random cluster sampling was used and 6278 6-13 years old students of primary school were checked for blood pressure .The related risk factors were investigated with the uniform questionnaire . Results The prevalence of hypertension in Jinan children was 3.04%. Urban children had a higher prevalence (3.17%)than rural children(2.76%).No matter of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were both increased with aging .There was a difference between girls and boys. Blood pressure of children were highly correlated with weight. The risk factors of hypertension in children were sebaceous thickness and abesity ,and materal baric index. The children'hypertension was correlated with genetic information . Conclusions It was demonstrated that there is an urgent need to carry out prevention and control for hypertension of children . Blood pressure can be descended by lowing body weight.