Study On The Chemical Constituents And Its Biological Activities Of Phyllanthus Emblica L. Fruit

Emblica, a dry fruit of plant phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthus) of Euphorbiaceae, is a good source of polyphenolic, flavone, tannin and other bioactive substances. Emblica fruit has been used widely in many local traditional medicinal systems and believed to increase defense against diseases, its actions include moistening the lung and relieving cough, cleaning heat and detoxifying fire poison. Similarly, it has application as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, cytoprotective and etc. The study was conducted to understand the chemical constituents of the dried fruit of wild emblica. The objective was to screen the biological and pharmacological activities, and provide a theoretical basis in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It would serve as a basis for value-added development and utilization of emblica resources, as well as promote Chinese traditional medicine.Through our research work, 18 compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the dried fruit of emblica by repeated column chromatography and elucidated on the basis of various spectral analyses (1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS, IR etc.). The structure of them have been elucidated as: Mallotusinin(C1),Chebulanin(C2),Chebulagic acid (C3),Isocorilagin (C4),Mucic acid 1,4- Lactone-2-o-gallate (5),Quercetin (C6),Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (C7),Naringenin (C8),Rutin (C9),Gallic acid (C10),Ellagic acid (C11),Pyrogallo (C12),β-Sitosterol (C13),β-Sitosterol palmitate (C14),β-Daucosterol (C15),β-Phenylacrylic acid (C16),5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (C17),Hexacosanol acid (C18). Among the isolated compounds, compound C1,C2,C8,C9,C14,C17 and C18 were isolated for the first time in this plant and compound C1 were isolated for the first time in Phyllanthus.The antioxidant activities of purified compounds were evaluated by in vitro experiments using scavenging assays of DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals, and superoxide anion radicals, chelating ability of ferrous ion and inhibition capability of Fe (II)-induced lipid peroxidation, respectively. Most of the purified compounds showed strong radical scavenging activity. Amongst, mallotusinin showed the highest radical sanvenging ablitily than other purified compounds. The IC50 values for DPPH radicals and superoxide anion radicals were 3.99μM and 2.27μM, respectively. The TEAC value for ABTS radical sanvenging was 6.15. Mallotusinin showed significantly higher radical sanvenging capacity compared to TBHQ, BHT and VC (P < 0.01). All phenolics from emblica fruit showed good potency to chelate Fe²⁺ and could inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe²⁺.The in vitro cytotoxicity of phenolics compounds from emblcia against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and HepG-2 hepatic carcinoma cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The resulted showed that all the tested compounds exibitied varying degree cytotoxity to the cell line MCF-7 and HepG-2. Amongst, mallotusinin showed higher antiproliferation capacity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines compared to other purified compounds (P < 0.05) and showed in a dose-dependent manner;...