| Han-wei and Six Dynasties inscriptions are numerous, stone rubbings has more than 1,400 existing now. These inscriptions save a lots of words Xiao Zhuan and Li Gu Ding words. For research in han-wei and Six dynasties date, it has definite time; Xiao Zhuan and Li Gu Ding words Extracted from the inscriptions have sufficient numbers. The research content of ancient words in inscriptions includings:quantity, form sources, structural characteristics, form evolution rules and research values. Aiming at these problems, this article tries to make a preliminary projecting research. We found inscriptions has huge number, Xiao Zhuan is 861 and Li Gu Ding words is 251; the source of these forms is Xiao Zhuan of Shuo Wen,and the conservation is very strong; some words come from the Pre-Qin Dynasty.The forms of these words have many characteristics,such as many allografty forms and deeply influenced by Li Shu and Kai Shu; They cling to Shuo Wen,but show many rules,such as simplifying, increaseing, alienation and typing. We also try to use the theory of philology to explain this phenomenon, and strive to give a good answer.This paper has five chapters, and the second, third, and fourth chapter in this paper are more importent. Main contents as follows:The first chapter is introduction. We introduces the definition, research scope and stages; we definition what is acient word in stone carving, and summarizes the situations of keeping in the ancient stone from Shang Dynasty to Ming-Qing dynasties; The stones of Han-Wei andSix Dynasties are our researching object,and its forms of ancient words in inscriptions are Xiao Zhuan and Li Gu Ding words. Xiao Zhuan is preserved in the inscription, the stone forehead and epitaphs lids; Li Gu Ding words are saved in the inscriptions writed by Li Shu and Kai Shu. We summary the research history and status on the ancient of stones;we divid it to four stages and we introduce its mainly achievement and shortage.we find the previous research focuses on the finishing of materials and negligences theory. In the last,we introduce the research materials, the significances of this research, the research methods and solutions.The second chapter is the researching of inscription's Xiao Zhuan. We excerpts the number of Xiao Zhuan,and it is 861. Observating form the eras,the number in Two-Han and Cao Wei Dynasties is more.The form structure of Xiao Zhuan consistents with Shuo Wen.It reveals the forms of Shuo Wen are reliable. Some forms come form Pre-Qin Dynasty,and the others are created by people living in Han-Wen Dynasty. Xiao Zhuan of Three fonts stone is 347,and it is a huge number.It has many differences with Shuo Wen,such as chirography, shape, brushwork, structure and so on.Because of the different sources,the different writing eras, different writers,they cause one word has many forms.The popular words in Han-Wei and Six Dynasties are Li Shu and Kai Shu.They influence Xiao Zhuan in inscriptions profoundly.It mainly shows as follows:(1) in the side of shape,it changes the elliptic shape into square; (2) it cuts the rounding lines into strokes; (3) in the side of structure,it uses Li Shu or Kai Shu'.There are eleven forms of Xiao Zhuan in inscriptions,and have diversified writing styles and the prominent artistry. In the sides of evolution on forms,there are simplifying, increaseing, alienation and typing,and the phenomenon of alienation is very prominent.It shows people although inherit Shuo Wen,but also transform its strokes, components and radicals boldly. For thousands of years,by spreaded,copied and sculptured,some forms of Shuo Wen have produced wrongs.Now we according Xiao Zhuan in inscriptions,and correct fifteen ones.The third chapter is the research of Li Gu Ding words in inscriptions. Firstly,we introduces the related knowledges about Li Gu Ding words,and define what is Li Gu Ding words.We insist that Li Gu Ding words is the phenomenon of writing ancient words by Li Shu or Kai Shu,not only the wods of Zhan Guo era.How to judge one word belonging to Li Gu Ding or Li Bian,we should know the properties between them.From the view of specification in words,the Li Gu Ding words is not standard.Then,we classify 251 Li Gu Ding words into different sources.We find that there is closeing to 64% ones come from Xiao Zhuan in Shuo Wen,and the ones of less than 25% come from Jin Wen or Zhan Guo or Gu Li Shu.They indicate that Shuo Wen has a huge influnce on the society,and the Li Gu Ding words in traditional wording books have reliable source.The traits of Li Gu Ding words in inscriptiongs include:(1) the patterns of how to transfer are various; (2) there are many differeng forms between them; (3) they are influnced deeply by Li Shu or Kai Shu.We discuss every trait meticulously. Compareing with the prototype words,there are rules on simplifying, increaseing, alienation and typing of Li Gu Ding words in inscriptions.The phenomenon on mixing is very prominent.It reveals two issues:(1) people were unfamiliar with Xiao Zhuan,so they often wrote wrong words; (2) the writors had haven strong subjective consciousness,so according to the entire layout they had transformated some words boldly.The fourth chapter is the characteristics of ancient words in inscriptions, the reasons of its existence and its use.We insist that there are four main characteristics on ancient words of inscriptions:(1) conservation and creativity.The strokes when writing are consistent with the prototype words, even there are some changes in strokes, components or Chinese character components,but in the structure,there are same.That is its conservation. Meanwhile in the premise of not to change the structure,the writors rewrote words,such as increaseing or decreaseing the strokes, components.That is its creativity.(2)universality.The ancient words exist in every period of Han-Wei and Six Dynasties and every types of inscriptions. (3) epochal character.They are influnced by Li Shu or Kai Shu deeply. It performances that its shape has changed into square,and its lines has changed into strokes,and its structure has changed into the ones of Li Shu or Kai Shu. (4) prominent artistry.There are many chirographies about Xiao Zhuan,and they are wrote arbitrarily,and the structure of Li Gu Ding words is queer.The writors pursuit symmetry and balance of words. As for the reason of the acient words in inscriptions,we summary and explore many aspects,such as gradual change, psychology of pursuiting strange,the influnce of former chirography, Social atmosphere on writing,the spread of ancient classics,the compilation of word books,the negligence of standard words implemented by government and so on.The fifth chapter is the explaintion about difficult words. Any study began from interpretating materials. In this section,we interpretate thirty difficult ones,in hope of content research of inscription.This paper discusses the characteristics and values of ancient words in inscriptions,and we summary some rules on the structure origin, the traits and the changes of shape.They have mang positive values about understanding ancient words in this period.People can continue to research ancient words of Pre-Qin period upward,and ones of Sui-Tang Dynasties.They all deserve to research furtherly and systematically. |
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