Ecological Perspective Of The Western Han Dynasty Literary Studies

Everything in the world originates and developed in the certain environment. Physical world works this way, so does the spiritual world. With the development of science, people began to do more research on the environment that people are living in, and then the concept of ecology appeared. Later, the concept of plant ecology and animal ecology appeared respectively. In recent years, researchers have begun doing research on spiritual world, studying the relationship between the origin of spiritual world and the environment where it originated. At this time, the concept of cultural ecology was brought up for the sake of making human's culture develop better. As the product of culture, literature does not only exist in the certain environment but also in the literature environment. It can be summarized as literature ecology environment according to anthropologic definition. The literature always exchanges political, cultural, economic and social environment. Organism and living environment's affecting each other is called ecology, so the relationship between literature and its environment can be called literature ecology or literature ecology environment.Based on the good foundation of early Qin dynasty, the literature in Han dynasty was prosperous. Han Dynasty poetry was popular, prose developed smoothly, historical literature was prosperous, si yan poem(Chinese classical poem with four characters each line) and wu yan poem(Chinese classical poem with five characters each line) played an important part in poetic circles, meanwhile, the concept of novel formed. All these prosperities were caused by the political, economic, cultural environment. This relationship between the reason and result is ecological relation which is affected by the environment. So that's why we should concentrate more on the rules of west Han Dynasty's literature and the environment where it existed instead of just analyzing its background.The harmonious existence of literature and its harmonious ecological structure have a lot in common. Therefore, the harmony of literature ecology will definitely bring the harmonious existence of literature. However, ecological crises will not only happen in natural, social field, but also in spiritual field. During the development of human's society, culture and history, the destiny of literature related closely with the nature, human's spirit. How to make the tree of literature always green is a topic worth discussing. Therefore, literature ecology is the need of innovation, it's also the right way to deal with the cultural crises. Most importantly, it can help the research on China's ancient literature improve from difficult position.We study the literature from the perspective of ecology and master the ecological relations between Han Dynasty's prosperity and Han Dynasty's culture. We should study the early Han Dynasty, west Han Dynasty first. The most valuable part of west Han Dynasty's ecological literature its supplement to the study of west Han Dynasty's literature. This thesis consists of nine chapters. The first chapter is the study of the change of political prose and the adaption of literature to politics. The author thinks the change of politics affected the political prose. Political prose developed differently in different political environments. In the very first beginning, the political prose was most about learning from history. In Wu xuan time, it was most about Confucius's management of nation. In the final years of Han, the political prose was about the worry for the political crisis. The political prose in west Han has a close relation with Han's political environment. The development of political prose went through prosperity, decline and prosperity again.The second chapter is about the historical prose's legal demonstration to politics. Si Maqian's masterpiece Shi Ji(Historical Records) proved that civilians'willingness is the foundation of the nation's management. Shi Ji's success should be attributed to Han's political environment. Si Maqian stated how the history came in this way, proved the legitimacy of politics.The third part is about how the politics affected poetry in Han Dynasty. The Han's governors'interests in Chu songs, dance, and garment made the popularity of the poetry of Sao form. The Emperors'interests in literature, poetry helped the development of Han literature because of the political rights'huge influence.The fourth part is about the west Han literature influenced by the study of Confucian classics. As a office study, the study of Confucian classics was founded on the base of early Qin Dynasty's culture, at that time, literature, history and philosophy weren't yet separated. The study of Confucian classics and the prose influenced each other, helped the Confucius's study to be officialised. The prose in west Han Dynasty changed from passionate to meaningful and profound under the influence of the study of Confucian classics. As one masterpiece in Five Masterpieces (Wu Jing), the Book of Songs became an official academy, its sarcastic function was magnified. Under the influence of the study of Confucian classics, the poetry and the Book of Songs began to affect the politics with their sarcastic function.The sixth chapter talks about the west Han's cultural regulations'influence to literature. The west Han's central academic academy, local official academy and private academy all developed, provided good conditions for the scholars, this is educational ecology. The scholars'accomplishments in Han Dynasty made the good cultural atmosphere. This kind of cultural atmosphere had a big influence on Han's culture.The seventh chapter is about the relations between literature and physical culture. The development of economy and society provided the literature the material for producing, existence and communication. Han poetry(Han Fu) illustrated the physical world vividly as a special form of literature. Yue Fu poem also illustrated the society at that time. That's why physical culture became one of the motivations for the literature's development. The eighth chapter talks about the courtesy's influence on the origin of article's form. The courtesy in west Han Dynasty is very important to the origin of article's form. From a certain sense, it can be called the "parasitic environment of article's form"The ninth chapter states the change of poetry under the influence of song poem(Ge Shi) background. In this period of time, many kinds of song poem began to appear. Gradually, song poem became a kind of official art form. After Han wu emperor set yue fu, the form of song poem changed from entertainment to politics.This thesis illustrates political ecology, conscious ecology, cultural ecology and economic ecology from the general ecology. Meanwhile, it states the rules of the change of the literatures in different environments.