Uighur Kalpin Dialect

Kalpin accent is considered as a special vernacular or Dialectal Island in modern Uyghur. But until now any comprehensive field research or systematic linguistic description on this accent has not been carried out. Now its special traits are vanishing under the effects of school education and other surrounding local accents. So, it is very important to take records and characterize the local variant at this critical moment. The present work will describes phonology, morphology and lexicon of this accent from the theory of structural dialectology, placing particular emphasis on highlighting its distinctive features from the standard Uyghur.The thesis includes two parts:content and appendix. The content, apart from the preface, consistis of three chapters including detailed descriptional analysis about phonological, morphological and lexical traits of Kalpin accent.First chapter is about Phonology. Kalpin accent is phonologically different from standard Uyghur in Many aspects. Two of them are most striking: One is pre-aspiration and the other is word accent on penultimate syllable. Pre-aspiration is caused by both long vowel's historical evolution and vowel-consonant interaction. As to word accent, some suffixes placed on word final position are regularly unstressed and the penultimate ones preceding them get the main stress. Because of this sort of distinct phrasel prosody, many of the raising and reduction phenomenon of low and mid-low vowels in standard Uyghur do not happen in this local accent. This phenomenon will, to some extent, help us to explain the mechanism of modern Uyghur amlauting process. Besides, this accent also displays some other distinct vocalic and consonantal traits, e.g. longed part of long vowels freely alternates with semi vowel /j/; central vowel /(?)/appears in high frequency; to be full of fricativization, palatalization, voicing and strengthening, and so on.Kalpin accent displays an internal local difference, at some degree, mostly from the phonological aspect. One village named yurchi reflects some phonological feature like Hotan dialect, while another one called gazlik displays some Kashgar accent-like characters. It also has some special Phonological traits extremely differentiating from the two aforementionend local variants but very similar with Turfan or Qomul accent of Uyghur. Given the pre-aspiration and prosodic specialty of the word accent, we may confer that at least four different sources might have effects on the formation of this accent.Most of the Kalpin accent's distinct morphological features actually results from its phonological dissimilarities with the standard Uyghur. They may will be generalized as follows:(1) 2nd personal plural form of noun and verb commonly used is{-(X)ηlε}, but not{-(X)ηlar},like in standard Uyghur; (2) The form of intensifying aspect of the verb is-vat but not-vεt like standard Uyghur; (3) 1st person plural imperative form is{-(Ε) li}, having three variants as-eli,-ili,-li, not like the form-lajli in standard Uyghur; (4) 1st person plural declerative form is {-DXG}, having six variants like-duq,-tuq,-dyk,-tyk,-dεk,-daq;(5) present declarative marker is{-(x)v(?)t} or{-(x) vet} in very limited way,{-(x)vat)}; (6) the marker of verbal adjective is-tqan but not-di(?)an etc.Comparing with Standard Uyghur, Kalpin accent displays stronger nominal formation capacity in both deprival and compounding ways of word formation. Most importantly, it reserves considerable number of deprival suffixes in Old Turkic.For indeclinable word classes, two form of conjunction should be mentioned as most striking feature of the accent:one is compound suffixes{-GandA}, meaning 'because', the other is alternative conjunctional wordεmisε, meaning 'if not'. Both conjuctional elements are opposite or different with Standard Uyghur in meaning ang function.The details about morphology of the Kalpin accent constitutes chapter two of the work.Third chapter observes lexical system of the accent. According to our research, Kalpin accent has a special system of kinship terms, using two different phonetic forms of kinship terms to indicate the very relative, for example. Besides, it has a lot of native words signalling its local cultural character. Most importantly, it owns numerous Old Turkic lexemes that modern standard Uyghur doesn't have. Kalpin accent also got considerable numbers of lawn words from Chinese, Arabic, Mongol and Kirgiz language.The second part is appendix, including great number of text materials and forms of questionnaire used for social survey about pre-asperation. Text materials have been recorded at 12 points in yurchi and gazlik village and have been garenteed to cover every aspects of daily life.