Nanjing National Government Period, The Participation Of Minorities In The National Representative Bodies

Bases on the basic theory of the minority to representative institutions, the thesis study on the subject that the minority representatives participate in The National Congress,The National Political Council,The Constituent Assembly and The National Assembly. Including relevant historical background, legal system, election, representative characteristic and congressional activities.Chapter I:the basic theory of the minority participating in national representative institutions. As an indirect form of democracy, representative democratic system has been accepted for most countries. Representative institutions is the core of the representative system, composed by the representatives of the people, represent the people to administer legislative power and oversee government operations. That the minority participation in national representative institution is one of the minorities political rights, and required by representative democracy inevitably, this politic rights of the minority need special protection. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the minority representatives had been taking part in national representative institutions. In Nanjing National Government period the minds of ethnic equality had been accepted by more and more people, the minorities had got greater enthusiasm for participating in the administration and discussion of state affairs.meanwhile, Nanjing national government implemented national assimilation policy, the imperialists interfered in China's internal ethnic relations, separation of nationalities threaten national unity and safety.Chapter II:the minority representatives attending The National Congress. In The National Congress, which was hold on in 1931, "political tutelage Constitution" was draw up, and laid the basic political system of Nanjing National Government. As the special administrative region, Mongolia and Tibet were settled as unattached constituency, Considering special circumstances of the minority district, the electoral law was implemented flexibly the minority emulatively send representatives to The National congress, which indicated that China had being having undisputed sovereignty in frontier ethnologic region. However, besides Mongolian and Tibetan, the other minority's voting rights didn't get the attention correspondingly.Chapter III:the minority representatives attending The National Political Council. Founded in 1938, The National Political Council was called as "wartime national congress", Mongolia and Tibet were settled as unattached constituency too, and the minority personages were elected in other representative's categories. So, there were the minorities' representatives in every sector, and they put forward a number of motions to promote national unity and made contribution for the maintenance of anti-Japanese national united front.Chapterâ…£:the minority representatives attending The constituent assembly. The constituent assembly was held on November 15,1946. The process of its representative election was interrupted by Anti-Japanese War and last out 10 years successively. In that time, ethnic relations varied significantly. Southwest indigenous peoples had been an unattached constituency; nationality had become the factors to settled electoral districts in the first time. The minority representatives actively strived for the right of participating in public affairs.Chapterâ…¤:the minority representatives attending The National Assembly. Each of Manchu,Mongolia,Tibet and the Hui nationality had been settled as unattached constituency, there were special provisions in Legal systems to guarantee the minority participating in national representative institutions. The proportion to minority representatives had been scaling up, and the relevant laws constantly enriched, it was positive attempts to build the system for the minority's representatives to participate in national representative institutions. Due to the volatile social situation and the class nature of the Kuomintang government, there won't a positive response to the political rights of the minority, and lack of broad representation.Chapter VI:analysis and evaluation. In Nanjing National Government period, the minority participated in the national representative institution, which was to safeguard national reunification, enhance national unity and promote the development of frontier regions. However, the Kuomintang government did not dare to positively response to the minority political rights, the minority representation lacked of universality.