Study On The Verbs In Huainanzi

Study on verbs in the study of Chinese grammar is very important, is also more complex task. Study on verbs deeply influences the whole grammar system. Book Study on verbs can systematically, comprehensively reflect the book's verb features, also can reflect language verb system and grammatical features.HuaiNanZi is one of the most important works in the early Western Han Dynasty, the contents of the "cage of heaven and earth, both ancient and modern", is an encyclopedic works.It contains very rich corpus and can reflect the Chinese Language Outlook of the early Han Dynasty. No one has not yet conducted a comprehensive, systematic study on its verbs.This article takes HuaiNanZi's verb as the research object, according to the verb grammatical function and semantic feature of the principle of combining, the HuaiNanZi of the verb is divided into8categories:action verbs, state verbs, speech act verbs, modal verbs, directional verbs, verbs of existence, psychological verbs and verbs of comparison. Using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis method of combining8categories verbs, this article makes description, analysis of its grammatical features and syntactic types, at same time some of the grammatical features are explained and studied with some verbs. This article absorbs modern linguistic theory, carries multiple level research, and puts verbs in a diachronic perspective a comparative study, to explore the development and evolution of verbs. The full text is divided into ten chapters.The introduction is introduction of HuaiNanZi of the author and the book time, version and textual criticism, history of HuaiNanZi's study and the value of HuaiNanZi language research. Review of Chinese verbs and research situation, including Chinese word classes, the category of verbs and verb research and other aspects of Chinese history. This paper study involves the significance and methods.The first chapter introduces the HuaiNanZi's speech act verbs. On "yan, yu","yue, yun","wei, dui","ming, ling","shuo, dao","gao","wen" seven (groups) compared with common speech act verbs detailed description, the chapter makes analysis of its semantic, grammatical features, and compares their similarities and differences.The second chapter probability according to the modal verbs in the semantic, the modal verbs are divided into three classes verbs:possible classes, desire classes and should classes. There are·16modal verbs in HuaiNanZi the modal verbs, some words such as "ke,keyi,zu" can express the meaning of possible classes and can also express the meaning of should class. Papers from the semantic, syntactic structure and grammatical function by analysis of these verbs, summed up the characteristics of modal verbs.In the third chapter directional verbs according to the expression of semantics is divided into mobile class of directional verbs and non mobile class of directional verbs. Analysis of25groups of movable type directional verbs and4groups of mobile class of directional verbs, by semantic and grammar analysis from the characteristics of each group, the author compares with different relations of directional verbs internal. Induction of directional verbs sentence types are:S+V, S+V+0, S+V+C, S+V,+V2.The fourth chapter of the existential verbs of the "You","Wu","Zai" in higher frequency from the semantic andgrammar, are exhaustive analysis."You" and "Wu" have meaning relative,which can be divided into two types of "existence" and "possesion". The verb "You" of special type has:the sentence of Subject and object with You", the sentence of "You……Zhe", the sentence of "You yi+VP""Wu" of special type is:"Wu+VP","Wu+yi+VP".In the fifth chapter psychological verbs can be divided into perceived psychological verbs and affective mental verbs in two categories. The author makes an analysis of the psychological verbs of grammatical function. Perceived psychological verbs often take an object, can bring the object, moving object and patient object. Psychological verbs can be with object, moving object, the subjective object, reason object and patient object. Psychological verbs as predicates of the main sentence:S+V+O, S+V, S+V+C.The sixth chapter according to the semantic features of the verbs of comparison, verbs of comparison can be divided into comparative verbs, metaphor or analogy verbs, verbs of similarities or differences. HuaiNanZi has25(item) verbs of comparison. The sentence of the class of verbs as predicate, according to the structure can be divided into comparison subjects, comparative object, comparesion content and verbs. The class of verbs predicate sentence of the most common format is A+V+B, but different verbs of sentence formats are not the same.The types of the verb predicate sentence:S+V+O, S+V, S+V+C.The seventh chapter state verbs can be divided into genuine state verbs and prospective state verbs. Genuine state verbs do not take an object, a prospective state verbs do not take a patient object, it takes an active object, object of place, object, time object, quantity object. State verbs main sentence:S+V, S+V+O, S+V+C.The eighth chapter according to the behavior of verbs can take an object or not and the object types, the behavior of verbs are classified as transitive action verbs and intransitive action verbs. The intransitive verb takes an active object or relationship object, the transitive action verb takes a patient object or other objects, and this article makes an analysis of the causes of transitive action verbs not taking an object. Action verb sentence:S+V+O, S+V, S+V+C, S+V+O1+O2.The ninth chapter is the HuaiNanZi diachronic comparative study ofthe verbs. It is divided into HuaiNanZi double object verb diachronic comparative study and directional verbs "Xing, Zou, Bu,Qu" diachronic comparative study. Analysis of the HuaiNanZi double object verb grammatical features and patterns, based on the senior scholars research results,the author makes a diachronic comparison and makes an conclusion of the double object verbs and their syntactic evolution. About directional verbs "Xing, Zou, Bu, Qu" in ancient, medieval nine documents for survey data, the author analyses the directional verbs grammatical function and syntactic structure, refers to predecessors research results, and sums up the evolution of these verbs.