The Zhongshu The Hermeneutic Philosophy,

DongZhongshu lived in the three dynasties of Wen, Jing and Wu Emperor. General unitary political sestem of autocratic monarch tended to mature. The scholastic ideas revered Confucianism instead of rather liberal and open situation in the eaily of Han Empire. On the co-operation between the doctrine of Confucianism and the autual polotical power influence, DongZhongshu partly persisted in the unity. He expounded and proved the rationalization of General unitary political sestem of autocratic monarch by the doctrine of Confucianism. He relatively much stuck to the antagonistic relaitions. He criticized the autual social politics by the doctrine of Confucianism. He relatively much consisted in the independent character of the doctrine of Confucianism and his own personality.DongZhongshu inherited Gongyang Commentary on Spring and Autumn Annals, but he wasn't a Confuciansit of inheriting Confucian canon. By explanatory notes on Spring and Autumn Annals and Gongyang Commentary, he constrcuted his ideological system and built up the theoretical grounds of general unitary political sestem of autocratic monarch, Therefore annotating Spring and Autumn Annals, he showed rather strong subjectivism and historicism. He had two grounds on annotating Confucian canon of Spring and Autumn Annals. The first, "Spring and Autumn Annals served as new kingly way". Spring and Autumn Annals implicated the significance of kingly way. Spring and Autumn Annals legislated for Han Dynasty, so it needed to be annotated. The second, the literal meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is separated from the essence of it, that is, "to be apart". So we can't grasp the essence of Spring and Autumn Annals from its literal meaning. It revealed the basic character: "sublime words with deep meaning" of Spring and Autumn Annals and made up the important ground of its annotation, "to be apart" was the hinder of comprehending and the reason of misunderstanding. It left rather large spare for DongZhongshu to develop his subjective idea, "to be apart" was not a negative factor, but a positive constructive and productive factor. Tt set a limit to interpretation methods of "to be inquire into latent meanings'Y'the words to be apart from the idea" and "to read intention and purpose",etc. It manifested that the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals had the characteristic of open and pluralitic, that is, there was always new meaning by the new interpretation.DongZhongshu's ideas of the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the feudal ethical code was based on the yin and yang and the five elements. The doctrine of the heaven affirmed yang, but negated yin. Yang was highly and yin was Jowly. Yang was honorabale and yin was mean. Yang was kindhearted and yin was wicked. The emperor, father and husband were yang, highly, honorabale and kindhearted. The subject, son and wife were yin, lowly, mean and wicked. The heaven had the five elements, those were, metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Man had the five constant virtues, those were, benevolence, righteousness, rite, wisdom and fidelity. The five elements were in harmony with the five constant virtues. The heaven and man merged into an organic whole. It is the characteristic of DongZhongshu's theory of human nature to probe into the human nature by yin and yang. In DongZhongshu's opinion, humannity wasn't all good, but it had good nature. It was his ground of the humanity and the heaven to instruct all ordinary people. Rule of virtue was DongZhongshu's eternal expectation to the social politics of Han Dynasty. The ruler should teach ordinary people by his virtue. Teaching common people by benevolence, righteousness, rite and music, the ruler awakened all ordinary people's inner virtuenature so as to realize the identity between the inner vietue nature and the outer righteous action.DongZhongshu constrcted the ideological system of the heaven. The heaven of DongZhongshu was the unity of Personal God and Natural. Personal God had its will and goal while Natural hadn't. Persona...