| Land is the root of all the social problems, it' s the holographical unit into which all the information is concentrated in the rural society, therfore, it' s also the key to deepening the study of rural society and solving the rural problems.The movement of land reform and reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans that aims at solving the land problems of the peasants, which were put forward and carried out by the CCP during the Anti-Japanese War , had gone through the entire construct procession of the Anti-Japanese base area and the liberated area. It became the handle for CCP to conform the society, build a new social system and even win over the wars.But there are less studies about such an important subject as the movement of land reform, and it is paid less attention in the domestic study field of history.The present study mostly are based on the mode of magnificent narration. For the different areas there were different natural and human environment hence the many different specialities in land problems. Therefore there is dissimilarity in the view of land reform methods, working focuses, operating process and the effects. So the precondition of going on research of the magnificent study of land reform is to deepen the microcosmic study of the different land reform information in every land reform area.Taking Ju Nan county-which was called "small Yan an in Shandongprovince" -as the studying object, this dissertation, writinghistory in a way of "on the scene" method and localization, tries to re-describe the history and patch up the original picture of the land reform movement. It makes the most use of all the archives and the present studying fruits. To adopt the way of anthropological fields-investigating, the author had an extensive calling and visiting of the participants such as the heads of the LRG (land reform groups) and CPSC (the commitiee of peasants saving China), the monitors of the literacy class , the hired farm laborers, the middle peasant, the possemen and theoffsprings of the landlords, gaining a great deal of dictating references .The essay can be outlined by six parts:The first chapter aims to expatiate on the traditional relationship about the land.Confined by the geographical and historical background in this county, the plains and hills here bore quite different characteristics in the distribution of landownership, the use of lands and the exploitation relationship. There were more squires, strong tenancy and more concentrated landownership in the plain area, so the lands here were mostly rented in large pieces; and there were kulaks and richer renters of capitalist management, the form of exploitation adopted by the landlords were land taxes. In the hills and low mountains here the landownership were relatively decentralised, and there were more working landlords but less tenancy, the lands were rented in small pieces, the peasants were mostly dirt farmers. The exploitation mainly relied on the hired labor force.The characteristics of the traditional land relationship became the unavoidable and objective historic precondition for the actualization of the CCP' s land policy.The second part of the essay discusses the transformation of the landownership and the actualization of the CCP' s land policy during the carrying out of the reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans. It analyzes why the policy of the reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans had not been adopted for a long time. It also narrates that later in the movement of the reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans, contraposing the reality of the county, it had adopted methods of "drawing land" , " getting back the work points" , " lending grain" and "finding problems" that bore a local color to have objectively achieved the goal of transforming the landownership and realizing the land reform, which acted as the land reform in concealment.The third chapter focuses on the transformation of the landownership during the procession of carrying out the "May 4th directio...
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