A Study On The Dynamic Auxiliaries In "Zu Tang Ji"

"Zu Tang Ji" (祖堂集) is the currently preserved general collection of the earliest Chan Sect historical documents. It contains many rare historical documents of the Chan Sect and its literature of oral tradition passed down from the Five Dynasties of Tang. It is of high research value, and it provides important language data indispensable for the study of Chinese language history, and for that of its modern period in particular. This dissertation is made up of five chapters specialized respectively in the study of the five auxiliary words "Le" (了) , "Que" (却) , "Zhe" (著/着) , "De" (得) , and "Guo" (过) in "Zu Tang Ji" (祖堂集) , which are also closely-related to the auxiliary system in the modern Chinese language. This dissertation first shows the sentences with these language elements in an all-round way by means of a database, then in the light of their syntactic functions and semantic contents in the sentences, gives a detailed analysis, and demonstration from the angle of grammaticalized classification. Counts have also been made on the times these words have been used as verb auxiliaries. In addition, result complements, potential complements, tendency complements, phase complements, dynamic auxiliaries and their syntactical structures have also been analyzed, so that we can have a complete view of the dynamic auxiliary system prevalent in "Zu Tang Ji" and the period of the Southern Tang of Five Dynasties. The present systematic description of the grammaticalized classification of the five auxiliary words "Le"(了), "Que"( 却 ), "Zhe" (著/着) , "De" (得) , and "Guo" (过) in "Zu Tang Ji" (祖堂集 ) is the first attempt of its kind concerning the study of "Zu Tang Ji" in the history of theChinese language. Besides, comparisons have also been made in the remote cause, mechanism, and process of the grammaticalization of these auxiliaries with other important documents of the Tang and Song Dynasties from a historical point of view. These studied documents include: "Dun Huang Bian Wen Ji" (敦煌变文集), "Jing De Chuan Deng Lu"(景德传灯录), "Wu Deng Hui Yuan" (五灯会元), "Zhu Zi Yu lei" (朱子语类) etc. This work also makes a study on some important issues on the theory of these auxiliary words, such as the issue of property of the "Le" (了) in the pattern of "V1+了 +V2" in "Zu Tang Ji" (祖堂集) , and the issue of whether "Que" (却) in the pattern of "V+却+O" in Chan Sect literature of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty is a dynamic auxiliary in the perfect form or not. Other issues discussed in this dissertation include: the issue of the source of "Zhe" (著/着 ) as an auxiliary of continual state, the link between the pattern of "V+得+time phrase" of the Tang and Song Dynasties and the pattern of "V+7+time phrase" of the modern Chinese language, the cause for the slow development of grammaticalization process of "Guo" (过) .On these issues, the author has presented his own views.