A Study Of The Utterance Of People In Modern China

The concept of "People" is always a unavoidable topic in the discourse of the development of the modern Chinese culture and literature, not only from the angle of the course of history, but also from the angle of the developing of literature. It is the key word which occurs very high frequently in the fields of the modern Chinese politics, ideology, culture and lives, and it is also the target of criticism of the modern Chinese literature. The utterance of people is always the core utterance of the course of history of the development of the modern Chinese culture and literature. It not only involves the connotation of the subject and the explanation of the meaning of the modern Chinese literature, but also concatenates the courses of the producing and the reproducing of the modern Chinese literature. Obviously, The utterance of people is closely related to the course of integration of the Yan'an literature pattern, and participates in the building of integration of the contemporary literature directly.On account of the above-mentioned, the paper would choose the Yan'an literature pattern, the special literature formation, as the basic point, which plays the role of a bridge and a hub in the history of modern Chinese literature. It is on the basis of the historical facts, refers to the relevant theories, grasps the definition and analysis of the related categories and the conceptions rigorously. And in the wide vision of researches of the combination of the history, the ideology, the culture and the literature, the paper puts the utterance of People, which is the fundamental utterance and concept, into the historical contexts of its occurring and developing, and make an on-the-spot investigation in the layer of diachronism and synchronism, through the backtracking and comparative methods of researches.In my opinion, it is not only helpful for us to grasp the style and features of the times thoroughly, particularly to the continuing and displacing of the modes of the thoughts and the conception of the value, but also helpful to prospect the general structure of consciousness and the logic of the development which lays deeply in the ranges of Chinese history and its literature when we start with the concept of People, the key word of the course of Chinese history, and differentiate and analyze the developing courses of its connotation and denotation, and hunting the reasons of shaping, the trace of its processing and its rich connotations of the utterance of People in the modern Chinese literature in the modern China. The method could be looked as a kind of a whole outlook and a new explanation to the modern Chinese ideology and culture, especially to the courses of the developing and changing of the modern Chinese literature. Furthermore, the historical researches to the utterance of People could show us one side: Why did the modern Chinese literature develop in that way, but not in this way?How did the Yan'an literature pattern shape? Was there an inevitable logic relation of the development of history? In the meantime, it could help us to understand the history and ponder the immediate context objectively.According to my understanding, as a kind of proposals of modernity, the shaping of the utterance of modern Chinese People has the complex resources which cover from ancient times to the present, from China to the west. And it occurs in pace with the modernization building of the modern China and the imaginations of the nation and the state. To some extent, it is not only the product of the building of the Chinese political ideology, but also it itself becomes a kind of ideology, which contains the rich connotations of the vales, the beliefs and the perceptions of that times. In the whole course of the building of the utterance of People in the modern China, "literature", as a kind of utilization resources, takes part in the building course of the utterance. In the course, the political power and its rules could be showed and widely developed, and the organizing narrative strengthens the legal signal functions of the utterance. According to the historical course and the logical relationships of the utterance, the paper can be divided into four parts:Firstly, the paper explores the semantic meanings of the key word of People in the different historical scenes and its inner modes of thinking, and then grasps the historical trails, which were made in the course of the shaping of the utterance of People in the modern China, and the hypothesis which were concealed in the all kinds of the proposals, the statements and the strategies. My basic argument is that the word People, which is used as a modern concept and is the key part of the utterance of People in modern China, came into being in the course which modern Chinese people began to imagine the west nations and states, though there was the exact word of People in the Chinese archaism. And it maintained a lukewarm relationship with imaginary narrative of the nation and state which grew in the end of Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, and it was produced in the trans-lingual practices between China and the west countries. At the same time, as soon as the utterance of People came into being, it played a special role in the important course of the re-reorganization of the modern Chinese values and the concepts.Secondly, the paper makes cautious inquiries about the building process of the concept of People during the course of Yan'an, the basic connotation and the legal building process of the utterance of People during the course of Yan'an. I argue that the generative meaning of the utterance of People produced under the special circumstances of the Party, in the need of the political struggles and in the basis of absorbing the meaning of the utterance of People of the end of the Qing Dynasty. And it itself is a kind of course which continued building, maintaining and replenishing. In the legal building process, the Progress and the Revolution, the main rhetoric tactics, play the part of the function ofargument of the legal status of the utterance of People.Thirdly, the paper analyses the close relationship between the subjective building of the utterance of People and the legal building of the Party and the forming of the political ideology of the nation and the state, hi my opinion, the capabilities of leading and controlling of the utterance of People of the Yan'an literature pattern are showed by the two functions of identity and exclusion, and was being perfected by location of identity of the subject of the utterance and the normal organization of the statement of the utterance. During this course, The Party starts from its legal status and the building of its authority, makes many rules of the utterance on behalf of People. And the utterance of People, depending on the support and the identification of the Party and works as a kind of absolute truth, shows its strong potential energy and power. So an effective and identical People Community comes into being by this way. The more important thing is that a kind of the integration of the cultural style and the similar subjects of creation and its group come into being ultimately.Fourthly, when the People advanced as a kind of Truth and Willing and absolute legal ultimate fountain through the confirmed by the political ideology, a myth of People came into the world. So the utterance of People became a kind of thing which contains factors of the political power. In such case, the Yan'an literature pattern was placed wholly on the legal building track of the utterance of People, and became a kind of high organized literature. From the whole building of the Yan'an literature pattern, I argue that the shaping of its aesthetic styles could be summed up as coming under two categories. On one hand, the Party expounds its ideas in writing on behalf of People on the basis of Marxism, and it made the Party grasp the power to explain all thing, and then it put the literature into the administration and the controlling of the Party, and draws up the developing orientation of the literature, the policies of literature and the aesthetic standards in the need of the Party. On the other hand, when the policies of literature and the aesthetic standards fix in advance in the literary practices, they follow the mass line, that is to identify the specific pattern of literature according to the actual need, the aesthetic capacity, the aesthetic habits and the accepted mentality of the mass. In the course, the revolutionary realism began to become the highest rule of the writing of Yan'an literature pattern, and embodied a kind of distinct affinity to the people, so the relationship between the Yan'an literature pattern and the People politics became closer and elastic.