Yunnan Cultural Exchange Phenomena Of History

Cultural exchange is an issue of great significance in the study ofYunnan .Based on previous research ,by re-exploiting and sorting outhistorical documents and exploring new research methods ,thispaper ,including four parts ,makes a systematic and profound discussion ofvarious elements that influenced cultural exchange of Yunnan from perspectiveof big cultural exchange .It further summarizes characteristic of culturalexchange of various historical periodsPartâ… discusses interaction and cultural exchange among ethnic groups inYunnan during Neolithic Age and Bronze Age .In Yunnan ,there was cultural exchange early in Neolithic and BronzeAge ,accompanying with migration of ethnic groups (for instance ,eastwardmigration of Kunming people from west ,immigration of Han and Sou peopleinto Yunnan ,and so on .),which became gateway to culturedexchange .Cultured exchange caused by interaction among ethnic groupscontributed to further exchange of national culture in Yunnan .Partâ…¡discusses and analyzes phenomenon of cultural exchange inYunnan from Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei ,Jin ,South and North Dynasties .From Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei ,Jin ,South and NorthDynasties ,ethnic minority groups in Yunnan begin to inhabit cross-nationallyduring constant migration ,which made cultural exchange and acculturationpossible .Meanwhile ,with the development of cultural disseminating meanslike commerce and migration ,Han people began to immigrate toYunnan ,leading to acculturation and cultural exchange of Han people andethnic minorities .Therefore ,it was the period when cultural exchange andcultural exchange in Yunnan look into shape .Also during thisperiod ,comparing to the overwhelming superiorly of ethnic minoritypopulation ,Han people had only a small number of immigrants in Yunnan ,soacculturation was mainly characterized by the loss of national characteristicsof Han immigrants and their assimilation to local ethnic minorities withsubjection to their wearing and customs .However ,this process ofacculturation was not a one-way assimilation of Han people by ethnicminorities .Han immigrant culture distinctively continued playing a role inacculturation .In this sense , cultural exchange in this period was unbalancedand gradual.Part â…¢ elaborates cultural exchange in Yunnan in Nanzhao and Dalistate .During Tang and Song Dynasties ,national segregation and reorganizationin Yunnan continued .certain historical condition and background endowedcultural exchange and cultural exchange with characteristics ofclosure ,disequilibrium ,gradualism .Disequilibrium refers to unbalancedphenomenon in cultural exchange and acculturation with Hanpeople .Limitation of cultural exchange means that cultural exchange couldtake place only where geographical environment was favorable ,that is tosay ,cultural exchange could only take place in certain areas .Gradualismrefers to insistently ,strengthened tendency in cultural exchange andacculturation with Han from Nanzhou to Dali .Closure refers to segregationamong national clans and tribes under the rule of Nanzhao and Dali which wasmainly due to elements of geography ,military ,polities and economy .Part â…£ analyzes various factors affecting cultural exchange in Yunnanduring Yuan ,Ming ,and Qing Dynasties ,and also elaborates the phenomena ofcultural exchange ,then summarizes their characteristics .During Yuan ,Mingand Qing Dynasties ,cultural pluralism of Han and ethnic minorities came intobeing in Yunnan ,which in aspect of national distribution ,was due topopulation growth and distribution of Han nationality in Yunnan andcomparatively diminishing distribution of ethnic minority groups ofYunnan;from perspective of cultural exchange and cultural infiltration ,whichwas owing to cultural exchange and acculturation between Han people andethnic minorities of Yunnan .This cultural pattern was the consequence of longperiod of development of history ,whether at an angle of development of Hanpeople or at an angle of cultural exchange and acculturation .The mostsignificant phase was in Yuan ,Ming ,and qing Dynasties ,when culturalexchange and acculturation between Han and Yunnan's minorities was morestrengthened and their cultural commonality was further developed .Whileunder such circumstance ,ethnic minorities did not entirely lose their nationalcharacteristics ,which promoted coexistence of cultural pluralism andcommonality .Survival of minority cultural pluralism during the course of lcultural exchange was contributed to the roles of principles of culturalinteraction ,preference borrowing of appositional cultural factors ,and culturaladaptation .Besides , cultural exchange in Yunnan during this period was alsocharacterized by gradual advancement from urban flatland to mountainareas .Lastly cultural exchange during this period also reflected that Han'simmigrantion into Yunnan was from coercion to spontaneity .