Information Processing-Oriented Researches On The Semantic Collocation Between The Verbs And Objects In Modern Chinese Language

From the perspective of information processing of Chinese language, this dissertation systematically studies the semantic collocation between the single-syllable verbs and their noun objects in modern Chinese language. It generalizes the principles of semantic collocation between the verbs and the objects and provides linguistic knowledge for the automatic recognition of verb-object collocation in real text, the marking of the semantic relationship between the verbs and the objects, the elimination of some meanings of the verbs and machine translation.This dissertation takes the "Clausal Pivot" theory as its theoretical background and investigates in detail the semantic collocation between 500 one-syllable verbs and their objects from two angles: the semantic role relationship between the verbs and the objects and the verbs' restriction of the objects' semantic selections. We take the theory of "Core Grammar and Marginal Grammar" as the key for solution and discriminates the regular and irregular phenomena in the collocation between verbs and their objects. We handle these phenomena differently by combining the rules with the word database. We also study the extended form of verb-object detachable words and parallel detachable words and come to the conclusion that detachable words should be handled differently in information processing of Chinese language. This dissertation mainly deals with the following issues:In Chapter I we introduce and make comments on the core grammar and the marginal grammar. We argue for the existence of the phenomena of core grammar and marginal grammar from the aspect of universal grammar, individual grammar and language acquisition. After that, we bring forward four criteria for the discrimination of the core grammar and marginal grammar and further explain their applications. In this chapter we also discuss the relativity between the core grammar and the marginal grammar. At the end of this chapter we discuss the necessity of distinguishing between core grammar and marginal grammar and the application of this theory in the information processing of Chinese language.In Chapter II we study the semantic relationship between the verbs and the objects in modern Chinese language. We first introduce and review the researches on the semantic relationship between the verbs and the objects in modern Chinese language. Then we talk about the nature and analytic principle of the relationships between them. We divide the relationships between the verbs and the objects in modern Chinese language into fourteen categories. We believe this classification is relative. At the end of this chapter we discuss the classification of the relationships between verbs and objects from the angle of information processing of Chinese language. We believe that on top of the present classifications, we should further divide the objects into free-analogy objects and non-free-analogy objects. In Chapter III we study the collocation between the 500 single-syllable verbs and their different categories of objects. We first extract 500 more frequent single-syllable verbs in a large-volume language database. Based on the relevant explanations in A Dictionary of Modern Chinese (5th Edition), we take the 500 single-syllable verbs and their 1337 explaining entries as the target of our researches. When extracting the single-syllable verbs, we also extract the examples of the verb-object collocation and set up a framework of the semantic collocation between verbs and objects according to our classification of the verb-object relationships. After that we make detailed observations on the frameworks of the collocation between the verbs and the objects. In each framework of collocation we investigate the semantic characteristics of the verbs and the objects. At the same time we also investigate the analogy of the verb and the extending ability of the verb-object constructions. We put the framework of collocation into the category of core grammar and marginal grammar according to the result of our investigations.In Chapter IV we discuss the verbs' semantic restrictions towards the selection of the objects. We introduce the restrictions of the selection and verify its existence. We also discuss the necessity of observing the verbs' semantic restrictions of the objects within the framework of verb-object collocation. In order to draw up rules on the basis of the verbs' semantic restrictions towards the selection of the objects, this chapter also put the nouns of modem Chinese into different semantic categories according to the present achievement of the researches. At the end of this chapter we talk about the application of the verbs' semantic restrictions towards the selection of the objects in the information processing of Chinese language.In Chapter V we study detachable words and provide handling strategy. We first deal with the criteria of detachable word discrimination and classify different structural categories of detachable words. We then conduct detailed descriptions on the extended form of verb-object detachable words and parallel detachable words and analyze the characteristics of the two categories. We believe the extended form of detachable words is a phenomenon of marginal grammar. At the end of this chapter we make the suggestion of building a detachable word database in the Chinese language information processing system and mark the extended form of the detachable words with special symbols.Chapter VI is an experiment and its analysis. In this chapter we introduce and pre-process the language data for experiment. We describe the recognition rules and test 2000 simple sentences and the verb of "Da". At the end we analyze the result of the experiment.