Ci Language Study

Ci is a sort of the Chinese poetry genre, which has a distinct external morphology and a unique culture contents along with the Yan-yue in Tang and Song Dynasties. In this paper, we study from the external morphology and the saying way to examine Ci and try to explain the essence and the linguistic phenomena which emerged in the process of formation and evolution of Ci. The full text divides into four parts:The first part is from the perspective of long term and sums up Ci as a "music literature of changing of poetry genre." Firstly, poetry is the product of combining poetry and music from the origin. New metrics poetry is up to the extreme about language development of language functions, and on the Contrary, Ci which is the product of combining poetry and Yan-yue deconstructs the rigid line of the New metrics poetry from the music and opens up a new road for the development of poetry, Ci has historical inevitability of changing. Secondly, Ci is a typical representative of music literature, at the same time, Ci is a "literature --cultural phenomenon", emerging under the background of pleasure-seeking society in Tang and Song Dynasties. The words, sentence patterns, rhythm, structure, the implication and the intrinsic characteristics of Ci are all the result of music shaping. The need of singing is the first prerequisite in Ci. Thirdly, from the sentence and institutional aspects, Ci is a inevitable result of the development of Chinese poem. The development of sentence of Chinese poetry before Ci has undergone a process from four Characters to the Five Characters and Seven Characters, the development of poetry institution has gone through a four Characters poetry, musical poetry in Han Dynasty, ancient poetry until New metrics poetry, and then we can see Ci which owns kinds of sentences and the spreading institutional capacity .Throughout this journey, we can clearly see the development of poem which gradually spreads it's capacity from the sentence and institution, complying with the objective trend of the development of linguistics function. This part is an overview of the full text, which lays the foundation for later discussion. The second part sums up Ci as a poetry genre of prose form from the synchronic point of view. The outstanding difference of Ci from the other poetries is near to prose form in language and institution. This part discusses mainly on characterization of prose from words, syntaxes and structures of Ci. It should be said that the words, syntaxes and structures have rich content, many contemporary scholars explain Ci's "implicit" characteristics from the aesthetic images and structures, and have made many substantial results. In view of the results achieved and having not yet developed or underdeveloped areas, this part specially selects the language's external morphology and the saying way to study. These elements include the appearance of "leading characters" and "virtual characters"; the combinations and expressions of intricate and varied sentences, the "Fu" introduction in the longer chapters, which generally reflects detailed descriptions, specific narrative and explicit lyric and so on. The characterizations of prose, on the one hand are the result of music-shaping, on the other hand, reflect the general trend of the development of language's popularization. Ci owns undoubtedly the stylistic characteristics of language of the transition in the development of Chinese literature from "Poetry time" to "Prose time".The third part explains the essence of Ci. Ci has a lot of characterizations of prose, reflecting the popularization of the language, but it owns the "implicit" characteristics in the popular language In this part, the text attributes the phenomenon to the result of the conflict and union between the popular and explicit trend of the language and Chinese poetry's implicit aesthetic tradition. The genre of Ci being born in the period of the Tang and Song Dynasties with social and cultural transformation, witnessed the society transit from classical to modern, culture evolution from "Tang" to "Song", Chinese from classic Chinese to modern Chinese, poetry saying way from image presented to Characterization of prose .All of these had Ci had multiple characteristics in the transformation. And one of the most important things is the contradiction of the language's secularization trend and the poetry implicit tradition in Ci, and shaping eventually up the easy understood prose with imagery language to have the rich connotation.The fourth part explains the law of the evolution of Ci. Ci both includes traditional implicit potential, and conforms to the popularization trend of language on base of music and street style. The performance in the evolution of Ci is returning to the implicit tradition of poetic imagery and expansion of explicit prose, the contradiction and conflict promotes the development of Ci. One intriguing phenomenon is, from the Wen-Tingyun's double system established to Zhou-Bangyan long standardization, and the development of Ci from the Late Tang and Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty , always accompanied by two methods, and all at the highest achievements of ahthors as the representative,such as Wen-Tingyun and Wei-Zhuang, Feng-Yansi and Li-Yu, Yan-Shu, Ouyang-Xiu and Zhang-Xian, Su-Shi and Liu-Yong, Qin-Guan and Zhou-Bangyan, eventually Zhou-Bangyan is comprehensive author. This phenomenon is not a accidental things, it is the embodiment of the two saying way in the evolution of Ci.This paper regards the general principles of genre as the basis and guidance, then contacting the fact of literature and language, combining with the current studying results of Ci, to explain the many language's phenomena appearing in the process of formation and evolution of Ci. Such research has undoubtedly the trying significance and the nature of origin-seeking of Ci.