On The "Hierarchical Structure" Tecnique Of The Per N(?)rg(?)rd's Compositions In Late-1960s To Mid-1970s

Per N(?)rgard (1932-) is a Danish modern composer in the 20th Century. Following after Edvard Grieg, Jean Sibelius, and Carl Nielsen of the 19th Century, Per N(?)rgard becomes one of the most representative contemporary composers in Northern Europe. In the musical works of Per N(?)rgard, there is the prevailing trend of musical thoughts in the 20th Europe, as well as his unique musical ideas and expressions. Therefore, an in-depth study of Per N(?)rgard's music will be conductive to a more comprehensive understanding of European contemporary music.Since the idea of "Hierarchical Structure" run through Per N(?)rgard's compositions, the paper makes a deeply study on "Hierarchical Structure", which is the most typical technique formed in the stage of maturity of his musical style. The three major factors of "Hierarchical Structure"——lines, harmony and rhythm are discussed and refined respectively. Finally, a horizontal comparison is made between "Hierarchical Structure" and those Concepts of different music styles in the 20th century in order to get a multi-dimensional study of Per N(?)rgard's technical features.The paper consists of five chapters. Based upon the analysis of the features of Per N(?)rgard's composing techniques in each period, the first chapter expounds the meaning of "Hierarchical Structure", sums up the causes of his personalized musical expressions, and discusses the historical and cultural background of Per N(?)rgard's music. The second and third parts summarize the structural and applicational principles of "Line Hierarchical Structure" with infinity series as the score as well as those of "Harmony Hierarchical Structure" and "Rhythm Hierarchical Structure" which derive from "Line Hierarchical Structure", and then conclude the relationships between acoustic rules and the hierarchical structures mentioned above. The fourth part discusses the characteristics of "Model" in "Line-Harmony-Rhythm Integrated Hierarchical Structure", and the applications of "Model" in musical compositions. The fifth chapter extracts those orchestration features deriving from acoustic ideas in "Hierarchical Structure". In conclusion, based on the comparison between the technique of "Hierarchical Structure" and other techniques of various musical styles in the 20th century, the paper points out that as an innovator of serial music, an advocate of phase music and timbre-sonic music, and a pioneer of spectral music, Per N(?)rgard has not only strided across the geographical and national limits in the multicultural context, but also absorbed some musical elements from different music genres of the 20th century. In conclusion, Per N(?)rgard has established his own musical style as well as contributed to music development in the 20th century, which might be positive influence and inspiration to music composition nowadays.