| Earthquakes are devastating natural disasters, and China is an earthquake-pronecountry. A devastating earthquake often causes a large number of casualties andsignificant property losses within a very short time. Therefore, there is an urgent need tostrengthen the emergency medical relief in response to earthquakes. In recent years,China's earthquake relief practice has shown that various emergency medical teamsplayed an important role in the medical relief activities to save lives and reduce disabilityrates of the wounded. Nevertheless, there were also such issues as inappropriate medicalteam staffing and medical supplies, treatment measures being not standardized, etc. Inthis study, we analyzed the characteristics of early injuries and illnesses from theearthquake first, to fit the need of treating at the prime time, then discussed the modes ofemergency medical team building for earthquakes, so as to provide a reference for avariety of medical institutions to the usual health readiness training.In this study, we first analyzed the current status of China's emergency medicalrescue for earthquakes. Then, the following work was carried out:(1) Primarily based onthe medical relief data of the2008Wenchuan earthquake, and also with reference to thedata of the1976Tangshan earthquake and the2010Yushu earthquake, the spectrum ofdiseases early after the earthquake was established, and was categorized according to theABC management method. This was the base of the subsequent study.(2) Based onliterature research and expert consultation, an index system for screening appropriatetechniques for the earthquake emergency medical teams was established, and the systemincludes three class I indexes, i.e., validity, fairness, and protection, and effects, andeight class II indexes, e.g., effectiveness and urgency. Then, the weight and scoringcriteria of each index were determined. According to the spectrum of diseases early afterthe earthquake, finally25emergency medical techniques, including ventilation, emergency tracheotomy and anti-shock measures were chosen from33emergencymedical rescue techniques as the appropriate techniques for the emergency medical team.(3) According to the appropriate techniques screened, relevant medical professionalswere selected from the army hospital. With reference to the team building mode of thearmy contingency medical units and the Russian special medical teams, the teambuilding and staffing programs were determined for the earthquake emergency medicalteam.(4) The classified treatment programs were established for early injuries andillnesses after the earthquake through expert consultation. According to the ABCmanagement method, bone fractures, the major injuries from earthquakes, were used asthe standard to estimate scientifically the emergency rescue capabilities of the medicalteam.(5) On the basis of the military medical supplies standards, and with reference to asingle disease case management, the medical supplies configuration for individualappropriate techniques was determined. According to the treatment range and rescuecapability of an earthquake emergency medical team, in light of the prime time for rescueand preservation, an emergency program of medical supplies comprising ten categoriesand87kinds of medical supplies was established.Features and innovations of this research are:(1) the appropriateness of emergencymedical rescue techniques was evaluated for the first time, which will help standardizethe scope and measures of treatment for various emergency medical teams.(2) theintroduction of the time window concept and health technology assessment methods willhelp achieve the effective combination of service and technology in disaster medicine.(3)this study investigated systematically the norms of medical team staffing, techniques,and medical supplies preparation, which provides a reference model for the building ofearthquake emergency medical teams. Therefore, the present study is highly practical.
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