| During the 21 st century, the competition between countries has developed into that for the innovative talents. Since the 17Th NPC, Central Committee of CPC and the State Council have made a series of strategic plans on Adhering to the new road to industrialization with Chinese characteristics, building innovation-oriented country, Constructing talents power, etc. The talents that have strong innovation ability, meet the economic and social development needs, and are internationally competitive are in urgent need to implement the strategic plans. Theory and practice have proven that industry-university cooperation (IU Co-op.) is the most important way to cultivate talents with strong innovation ability and meeting the economic and social development needs. Meanwhile, that colleges and universities can really run schools orienting and opening up to industries, set up the disciplines according to the requirements of industries, and identify the cultivation objectives and qualifications by IU Co-op, is conducive to cultivate talents that meet the economic and social development needs, and to break the structural dilemma between harsh employment of college students and harsh recruitment of industry employers. What is more, practicality is the nature and need inherent in education, and situation plays a significant role in the students learning. The school education should return to practice and the colleges and universities should actively carry out IU co-op, to provide students the opportunities to take the initiative to practice; to solve the problems, such as school education being divorced from reality, knowledge being inert, and so on; and to cultivate students'sound personality. But currently, The major challenge in the practice of the industry university cooperation in cultivating talents (IUCCTs) is the insufficient motivations of enterprises'participations. Therefore, this thesis aims to figure out the reasons why the enterprises are lack of motivations in participating in IUCCTs.Existing studies about why enterprises participate in IUCCTs include three perspectives, such as macro environment analysis, micro economic benefits and social responsibility. Macroscopic environment analysis which can be divided into two schools of positive and negative influence mainly explores the influence of the macroscopic political, economical and social environments on the enterprises'motivations. Superficially, the two schools are contradictory, but in fact, they hold the same logic that the policies coming into being in plan economy period are not effective in the market economy environment. Because they miss the mechanisms of how the middle level institutions and policies work, the macro analyses are of limited explanatory power. But the macro-perspective enlightens that enterprises'the decision mechanisms have changed with the changes of external environment, namely the benefits and costs become more and more significant in the enterprises'decision mechanisms. Therefore, the micro economic benefits perspective gradually becomes the second and one of the most important perspectives. The micro economic perspective mainly explores the individual enterprises'micro decision mechanisms and takes the cost sharing and benefits distributing as the keys in solving the issues of enterprises'motivations in Co-op. The micro economic benefits perspective gets at the kernel of the problem of enterprises' motivations or catches the principal contradiction of Co-op, but misses the main aspect of the principal contradiction:the concrete mechanisms of how the enterprise gambles against each other and weighs the benefits against the costs. Meanwhile, the micro economic benefits perspective simplifies the enterprises, colleges and universities, etc. as onefold selfish Homo economics, which does not conform to reality. So the social responsibility perspective which recently appeared thinks that enterprise, school, student, etc. are not all or only the Homo economics, but maybe the Homo Sociologicus whose decisions maybe affected by the values, culture, cognitive, etc. and whose motivations in participating in Co-op are for value appropriateness but not for benefit Maximization. To avoid the extremes between macro and micro or between economic benefits and value appropriateness, this study is a mid-level research, and adheres to the comprehensive human nature hypothesis. Macro environment and micro decision are integrated by the mid-level institutions; both the economic benefits and value appropriateness arc included into the same analysis framework. Firstly, the analysis framework is constructed on the basis of institution theory insights provided by political or policy sciences, ncoinstitutional economics, organizational sociology, etc. Then, the framework is employed to analyze the motivations of enterprises'participation theoretically, and to identify the critical variables that influence the enterprises'participation, on which the questionnaire is developed. Secondly, the policy is decomposed into three dimensions as follows:policy philosophy and action framework, policy tools, implementation mechanisms. The historical evolution of policy and practice of IUCCTs since 1949 is discussed from the above three dimensions. Thirdly, this study selects American STWOA, Ontario CETC and German VET as cases, and analyzes the policies and practices of IUCCTs of these three countries from the following three dimensions, philosophy and action framework, policy tools, implementation mechanisms. Fourthly,193 enterprises are administered to the questionnaire, and five representatives of enterprises, higher schools and its students respectively are semi-constructed interviewed. Then the study uses the empirical data to find out the key factors influencing the enterprises participation, identify the enterprises action models, typify the enterprises into three ideal types, analyse and evaluate the current policies and institutions of IUCCTs in China. Finally, this study predicts the development trends and policy environment of the new policies and institutions of IUCCTs, explores the way to reconstruct the existing policies and institutions of IUCCTs in China to enhance the enterprises participation motivation based on the theoretical and empirical analyses, historical and international comparative studies.The major conclusions are as follows:1) the current policies of IUCCTs in China are lack of well-constructed basic action framework, policy tools adapting to market economics and effective implementation mechanisms.2) Economic benefits are the extra-impetus and hygiene factors that trigger the enterprises participation. Value identification and cognitive are the inner-guarantees that make the participation sustained and the incentive factors that promote the enterprises to participate voluntarily. So, the strategic philanthropy is the basic motivation mechanism of Chinese enterprises.3) In the practice of Chinese IUCCTs, the enterprises opportunistic behaviors prevail, such as free riding, half-heartedness, exploiting students, preferring short term or temporary cooperation.4) The enterprises'opportunistic behaviors are resulted from the interaction of the policy, agent preference and the attributes of human recourses. Thanks to current policies and institutions of IUCCTs, the enterprises in China possess open access to human resources, namely they can appropriate the human resources freely but offer it of their own free will. Thanks to the competitive and non-exclusive characteristics on consumption, the enterprises gamble like the prisoner and are entrapped into the prisoner's dilemma when they act collectively to appropriate and produce human resources. For now, a majority of Chinese enterprises prefer maximizing the outside benefits. So, the interaction of the above three factors makes the Chinese enterprises entrapped in the prisoner's dilemma.5) China is in urgent need to reform the current policies and institution of lUCCTs in order to break the collective action dilemma that the Chinese enterprises are facing in IUCCTs practice. The macro environment, self-strengthening mechanism and the attributes of IUCCTs make the reforming of the Chinese current policies of IUCCTs hard and path-dependent. Therefore, Chinese government must get actively involved in reforming and reconstructing the policies and institutions of IUCCTs according to the principles of the government-led co-management theory. Specifically, the policy recommendations are as follows:firstly, formulating special IUCCTs policies to promote development and good governance of IUCCTs. Secondly, defining the structure of the basic action framework to improve its Structuralization and assure the educationality of the IU co-op. Thirdly, introducing the cost-sharing mechanisms into the policies of IUCCTs and making the fiscal and taxation policies play a better role in attracting enterprises to participate in IUCCTs. Fourthly, optimizing the implementation mechanisms to assure the enforceability of the policies and the democratic participation of the stakeholders. Finally, formulating and perfecting laws and regulations about corporate social responsibility, and taking measures such as enterprise authentication, propaganda, etc. to enhance the enterprises' social responsibility.
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