| With the rapid development of economy, a contradiction between the decline of remaining energy resources and increasing consumption demand will severely hamper the pace of economic construction. In this context, the spirit of "vigorously advance the deep and periphery prospecting, improve the extent of fundamental geology survey" was emphasized in "Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work"(No.4Document of the State Council,2006) by the State Council. From then on, resources exploration turns to the remote areas and deep earth had become a hot trend in China.Drilling is the only way to get the geologic information of the deep underground drilling target. Due to the complexity of crustal rock itself and the deep underground operating condition, drilling project typically exhibit large investment and high risk characteristics. Accompanied the increase of difficulty and depth in prospecting work, it’s more and more difficult to control the drilling process by experience and so accidents in drilled hole frequently happened. According to incomplete statistics, each year the economic loss caused by drilling accidents up to hundreds of millions. Therefore, domestic and overseas drilling experts are soberly realized that equip the drilling mechanic with drilling parameters monitor (hereafter referred to as DPM) is the necessary method to transform drilling by experience to scientific drilling. By this improvement, the drilling process will be continuously monitored and the abnormal condition inside borehole will be timely identified and forecasted. This is a key technology for reducing drilling accident, achieving the goal of efficient and low-cost drilling production. Meanwhile, it’s one of the important strategies to implement the "Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work", and basis of accelerating the progress of drilling technology and deep drilling implementation.With increasing of the drilling workload of geological prospecting and the drilling depths year by year, geological exploration drilling companies began to update and upgrade the core drilling equipment. This dissertation based on the development direction of drilling rigs which mainly refers to the all-hydraulic operated deep hole drill, study the matched drilling parameters monitor. It’s in line with the future development direction and has practical significance and application value. As a participant, the author participated several research projects such as the project of "development of high accuracy drilling parameters monitor" charged by professor Yan Tai-ning, which was subproject of the National High Technology research and Development Program("863" program) of China; and the project of "study the collection, transmission and processing of drilling data" charged also by professor Yan Tai-ning, which was the twelfth subject of the China Geological Survey’s project "pilot study of ultra-deep well scientific drilling technical proposal"(No. Sino Probe05-06). As a project manager, there are some project experience as follows:project of "logging systems of core drilling test bench"(No.CGS-ZB-2011-0018) which was subproject of "special adjustment of the technique and equipment of China Geological Survey’s geological team" belonged to China’s Development and Reform Commission and China Geological Survey; Project of "study the collection, processing and optimization of the deep drilling parameters "(No.CUGL120249) which was sponsored by university special fund from the fundamental research funds for the central universities. The focus of these projects was on all-hydraulic core drill and associated equipment, detection method and working principle of each drilling parameter, type selection and installation method of transducers were detailedly studied. Using the results from these research projects, a CUG-X series drilling parameter monitoring system was developed.The designing scheme of the CUG-X series drilling parameter monitoring system are:adopt modular design, the distribution order of each transducer on core drill and associated equipment was based on the location and function; employ the principle of nearby to processing signals from one or more transducers for the data acquisition module to make the signals digital; aggregate the data from each module by CAN, through the serial USB interface all the data are transferred to computer for processing; with the aid of the powerful data processing function of computer, extend some other functions. Based on this scheme, the CUG-2series was successfully applied in ZK43-1well which located in Rushan Jin Qing top gold diggings in Shandong province, CUG-3and CUG-3A series were successfully applied for the core drilling test bench of Institute of Exploration Technology in Chengdu, and also applied on the portable all-hydraulic motor head drive drill, XY-8series vertical shaft coring drilling rig and the associated equipment.This dissertation is divided into six chapters, the contents of each chapter are summarized as follows:Chapter1:The first section, illuminates the origin, aim, significance, status, content and the track of the technology.Chapter2:After a field investigation of equipment, process conditions and requirement for the drilling parameters monitor, the design scheme of the body system is proposed combined the objective existing key problems of the system development.Chapter3:Proceed from the drilling techniques, this section covers all the parameters which must be accurately measured. These parameters include bit pressure, power, torque, pump pressure, mud return flow, mud temperature, rotate speed of the gyrator and hydraulic motor, pump volume, displacement of the power head(or vertical shaft feed) and liquid level of the mud pit. After classifying these parameters, it detailedly reports the detection method and working principle of these parameters and type selection and installation of transducers that ever appeared in the past research work.Chapter4:This section mainly focus on the constitute and principle of the data acquisition boards and data communications, as well as the ideas of circuit design that developed by the author.Chapter5:Follow the theory with practice and the principle that theoretical design should be tested by practice, This section presents the case study of the application of CUG-2series drilling parameters monitor in ZK43-1well which located in Rushan Jin Qing top gold diggings in Shandong province, CUG-3and CUG-3A series for the core drilling test bench of Institute of Exploration Technology in Chengdu, as well as some other applications(XY-8drill rig).Chapter6:Conclusions and prospects. Summarizes the research result and innovation, points out the deficiencies of the research, outline some advice for the future work.Overall, the main results and innovation points are as follows:Main innovation points:1. Aimed at the all-hydraulic power head core drill and associated equipment, for the first time to advocate the method that detect the rotary torque and power of hydraulic power head by using pressure transducer to measure the differential pressure and using proximity transducer to measure fluid flow. At last a practicable drilling parameters monitoring system was developed and successfully applied in practice.2. A variety of drilling technologies coexist in the industry of deep core drilling, usually the technology, equipment and implements are very complex, drilling parameters change frequently and there is a requirement of rapid management under emergency situations. This dissertation studies some key technologies such as the real-time drilling parameters monitoring of the vertical shaft, rotary plate, power head and top drive under different conditions, accurate judgement of process conversion and quickly install and link the modularized components in depth. This system can meet the requirement of field application, and if further reduce the cost, it will have a broad prospect for generalization.3. In view of the characteristics of accident-prone deep well drilling, the developed drilling parameters monitor can quickly identify the typical working conditions. Further, a new design scheme of low cost drilling parameter monitoring system has been proceeded.Main research achievements:1. In view of the characteristics of all-hydraulic core drill and associated equipment, this dissertation studied the test principle of these parameters, realized the type selection and installation of the transducers, as well as the application of the developed system in production practice.2. After classifying the signals from different transducers, this dissertation specifically designed a targeted data acquisition board for centrally processing the most detection signal.3. According to the characteristics of drilling field, the modular design was optimized. Link up the dispersed test points by CAN and combine the power source and signal by referencing the cable type of DEVICENET, the wiring way and connection are simplified and therefore avoid the araneose chaos.4. This dissertation puts forward the achievements and experience of the author’s years of drilling parameters measurement practice, analyzes the existed problems and proposes the improving scheme for design.With the increasing of deep well drilling workload, research and development work on deep core drill and associated equipment are proceeded at a furious pace. New type of drilling rig and new technology of course need fresh test method, meanwhile the increase of deep core drilling workload also increase the requirement to drilling parameters monitor, so the research work must keep up with the development of equipment and technology. For future work we must combine the modern testing technology, computer technique, data processing technique and transmission technique with drilling technique, develop the advantage of our university in drilling industry, to further improve the technology by deeper study with other peers.This dissertation is a summary of the author’s years of drilling parameters measurement practice under the supervisor’s guidance, wish it can be a reference and promotion for the generalization of the drilling parameter monitoring system. |
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