| Polar sea ice is a compound made of pure ice, brine, bubbles and other impurities. There is a direct link between changes of the polar sea ice thickness and ice-atmosphere-ocean interactions. Sea ice thickness is not only the most basic and important parameter to describe the state of the sea ice, but the basis of studying the changes of the polar sea ice thickness and the glacier mass balance. Monitoring the changes of polarsea ice helps to improve our understanding of the mechanism of gas-ice-ocean interactions and has great significance in studying the world’s climate.Currently, most ice detecting method is applied to the practical engineering scene of ice thickness detection, there exists a common defect:it is unable to realize continuous automatic detection of changes in ice state inside ice, which is the most difficult to study ice mass balance (IMB).Inthis paper, based on summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the various actual ice thickness detection method, analysing of the problems which the capacitive ice thickness detection system (the successful development of our group) exits at the scene, and by carrying out a large number of deeply study to t he dielectric nature of the sea ice, the method which uses the nature and improve s the measurement accuracy of capacitive sensing for sea ice thickness has been proposed, thus improving the overall accuracy of sea ice IMB buoys in the polar ice monitoring.Papers has carried on the systematic study and discussion in aspects of the basic theory of sea ice dielectric characteristic, experimental methods, new sensor and detecting system structure, test and application and soAccording to the investigation and research of a large amount of domestic and foreign literature, it shows that there are a few research on the electrical characteristic of sea ice in domestic at present, the international research achievement has not accepted eventually unified recognized results. The author studied the relationship of artificial sea ice between impedance inspired by low frequency, high frequency and temperature changes in the low-temperature laboratory in order to further improve the capacitance sensing type sea ice thickness sensor, which provided theoretical support. Electrical signals exerted by different frequencies. The paper presents a simulation of the dielectric constant change of sea ice Using the simulation software, Maxwell. The author observed distribution and the intensity variation of the scattering electric field near the electrode at different frequencies, and conducted a feasibility study for using electrical characteristics of sea ice in the polar ice and snow detection. The author Studied one of the applications of the improved capacitance sensing type sea ice thickness sensor in of snow and ice detection-sea ice buoys1MB, designed the hardware circuits, software circuits and each sub circuit of the buoy IMB, analyzed the application data and conducted the error analysis according to the measured data through monitoring applications of the buoy IMB in the Arctic and Antarctic.The research results of the paper can be applied to automatic monitoring of polar ice, and provides long-term changes of sea ice data for sea ice mass balance studies. The research results will lead us to a better understanding of the polar sea ice response to climate change in the whole global and the role. Our country deserves position in the study of polar sea ice in the future. The results can also provide a new theory of detecting and technology means for hydrological automatic forecast in the northern winter, river ice disaster forecast, the safe operation of the hydropower facilities, monitoring geological environment, safe operation in winter road, aviation and harbor, reservoir storage detecting.The research results of this paper have important value in theory research and practical engineering in the fields of the polar expedition, hydrological forecast, disaster mitigation and navigation in winter. |
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