An Approach To The Equilibrium Mechanism Of Stakeholders In The Process Of Marine Spatial Planning

Since the late 20th century, the increasing of people’s cross-sea international social & economic exchanges pursuing higher quality of life contributes to the deterioration of coastal and marine resources. Common pool effect is easily recoginsed in world marine spatial resources development, and the global marine resources recession have brought about the so-called tragedy of the commons. Meanwhile, experts are still on the way toward reaching the consensus on the feasible mechanism of autonomous organizations over marine resources development. The existing international ocean governance pattern could not deal with the complex combination and division of the marine spatial elements, as well as the relationship between the internal operations of marine ecosystem and external output variables, all of which has increased the difficulty of the marine spatial management. At present, Marine spatial planning (MSP) will be the inevitable choice. While in case of China, the traditional land-based functional zoning are applied to marine spatial allocation issues. How to coordinate the diversified stakeholders of marine spatial issues is radical. In China, the traditional sea-based functional zoning planning had more and more problems which MSP can solve effectively with the carrying out of national strategy called Marine Power. The topic of balancing stakeholders in MSP process will become more relevent. Therefore, it is of great theoretical importance and practical significance to probe into the stakeholders’equilibrium mechanism in the process of MSP.This paper manages to apply man-land relationship system theory, public choice theory, stakeholder theory, as well as game theory to analyse the change of the interests in the process of MSP and to explore the stakeholders’ equilibrium mechanism in the process of MSP. It mainly contain five parts as follows. Firstly, the author summaries definition of MSP, stakeholders and equilibrium mechanism through review of literatures, then work out the new definition and its theoretical backgrounds; Secondly, this paper analyzes the stakeholders confilict in the international comprehensive marine management, describes the progress of the international MSP researches, and compare it with China’ marine spatial management and planning situations; Thirdly, MSP has changed the original pattern of interests, made stakeholders involve in MSP and express the need of interests. This paper analyzes the core of the conflict of interest, studys the effective management of the marine resources and builds the equilibrium incentive mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process; Fourthly, bases on the research of equilibrium incentive mechanism, I use the theory of game and institutional economics to establish model to analyze the equilibrium realization mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process and find that property right is more perfect, the more stakeholders cooperation, when integrity of government is inversely proportional to the product of the incentive cost and the discount rate, stakeholders will cooperate so as to realize equilibrium; Fifthly, I conduct the research of the stakeholders’ equilibrium realization mechanism in the Qingdao West Coast District’s MSP, and use the system model in the game theory framework and KMRW model to empirical observe the stakeholders’equilibrium realization mechanism in the case study; Finally, I put forward the advices to realize the stakeholders’ equilibrium mechanism in the process of MSP based on the modeling and construt the safeguard mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process.The main conclusions and innovation of this paper are mainly manifested in the following parts:(1) the existing literatures show that earlier scholars study on MSP or stakeholders in the separate way, and there is a lack of combined research of MSP and stakeholders. This paper analyzes the importance of stakeholders in MSP and even in the national marine economic development; (2) the research of stakeholder behaviors is rarely applied in MSP. This is a breakthrough in the equilibrium research relate to the stakeholder in the MSP in my paper. Furthermore, this paper establishes a more effective game model from the "supervise and supervised" perspective; (3) the paper firstly gives the definition of MSP from Chinese perspective, and works out the equilibrium mechanism of stakeholders in MSP. Then, the paper analyzes the stakeholders confict in MSP process, researchs the equilibrium incentive mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process, conduct case study on Qingdao West Coast District (QWCD) and uses a system model and KMRW model to analyze the causes, characteristics, conditions of the conflicts as well as decisions in the case, construct the equilibrium realization mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process; (4) the paper argues that the government should reduce the cost of public participation mechanism, strengthen the participation mechanism, construction information disclosure mechanism, perfect the legal safeguard mechanism, build up the stakeholders supervision mechanism, and improve perfect the expression mechanism of the requirement of stakeholders’ interests.The study of the equibrium mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process is a complex proposition, it involves many subjects and theories. This paper only makes a preliminary exploration, so there are many things to do for further research, such as detailed analysis the problem of stakeholders in MSP process, in-depth study the equilibrium mechanism of stakeholders in MSP process and construct more perfect theoretical model.