Quantum Manipulation Of Atom-atom And Atom-surface Interaction By Surface

With the development of nano-technology, the scales of objects that people can manipulate have gone to micro-and nano-meters. In these scales, the mechanical effects of vacuum electromagnetic field become important and can even determine the evolution of physical systems. Interatomic resonant interaction and Casimir-Polder interaction are two kinds of interesting vacuum mechanical effects, the former one can contribute to quantum storage, quantum transition and quantum light source, while the latter one is beneficial to building atom mirror and quantum levitation devices. With the development of integrated optics and atom-chip technology, the atomic samples can be very close to one material surface. In this situation, the interatomic interaction must be affected by the surface and the atom-surface interaction is strong. For this reason, to investigate the effect of surface exerting on the interatomic interaction and the dependence of atom-surface interaction on surface properties come to important roles. Until now, there is still an absence of detailed research in this area. Considering this, we have done some study in this area and our results are introduced in this article.We introduce the formula describing interatomic resonant interaction near a surface. The situations of specular reflection and diffuse reflection are classified discussed. The results we get show that resonant interaction can be departed into free vacuum part and surface reflection part, and the latter part provide the basis of controlling resonant interaction by a surface. These results are shown in the second chapter.We combine the resonant interaction with atom-chip technology, study the interatomic resonant interaction near a dielectric plane surface. When the atoms are very close to the dielectric plate(koz< 1), the interaction potential and energy transition are notablely enhanced, we call this phenomenon as near surface effect. Near surface effect is useful in building quantum light source and quantum storage devices. These results are shown in the third chapter.We combine the resonant interaction with integrated optics and nanotechnology, discuss the scheme of controlling resonant interaction with an array of nano rods. The sub-wavelength nano structures made by high-permittivity materials have been broadly used in controlling electromagnetic waves, and we advise a scheme in this article to use these nano structures to control atoms. By using a nano rod array, there is no need to change atom-surface distance, and the resonant interaction as well as interatomic energy transfer can be switched on or off by just changing distances between the rods(changing grating constant, in another word), which is useful in quantum transition control. These results are given in fourth chapter.We combine the Casimir-Polder interaction with metamaterials and study the possibility of controlling Casimir-Polder interaction by changing the properties of the surface. We introduce negative reflection and investigate the Casimir-Polder interaction between a negative reflection surface and one atom. Our results show that an repulsive Casimir-Polder force can be produced between the surface and the atom, which is useful in building atom mirrors and quantum levitation setups. These results are given in the fifth chapter.