The Philosophical Reflections And Institutional Path On The Ethics Review In Human Medical Research

The ethics review of human medical research is an important part of Bioethics, at the same time it is an important measure for protecting the human subjects of medical research. However, since the introduction of the ethical review system running more than a decade, the system functions play simple relatively, and the effectiveness of the system is weakness. Through analyze the history, current situation and the dilemma of the human medical research in western and China, then analyzes the different reasons of dilemma. The paper will prove that the system is essential, and the virtue is very important, and there is a dynamic equilibrium between the system and the virtue. The conclusion is:the western ethical review system can be a framework, the traditional Chinese Confucian culture can be a beneficial supplement. At the theoretical level, the paper will explore the theories of traditional Confucian culture, and constitute an integral part of the Chinese ethics review with the theories and principles of Western ethical review. At the practical level, we should make Confucian culture focus on moral education, and strengthen the education and training functions of the ethics review system, it will be an effective complement of the ethics review theory.The thesis consists of nine Parts:The first Part is the Preface. It tells us the background and significance of the Ethics Review of Human Medical Research, and the current situation of foreign and domestic research. This part also makes a simple conclusion on the research literature related to the ethics review of human medical research, and explains the basic structure and the content of the paper, include its innovations and limitations.Chapter I researches the puzzles of ethical review of human medical research in China. At first compares the different characteristics of human medical research between the Western and China. And has traced the history of the rise and development on the ethics review of China. Then analyzes the current operating situation and the difficulties of the Chinese ethics review. It considered that China copying fully to the West on the ethics review system is not suitable. If we want to make ethics review system in China practice more effective, we need to explore the basic theory and methods of local ethics review.Chapter II introduces concepts related to ethics review of human medical research, including the concepts of human medical research, the scandals of the human medical research, and the inherent moral contradictions of the human medical research. The author analyzes several factors of the ethics review of human medicine research, and concludes that we should distinguish IRB from HEC and MEC.Chapter III proves that the Ethics review includes four theoretical assumptions, the theory of original sin and human nature, classical liberalism and the theory of human rights, new liberalism and justice, natural law and contract theory. The theoretical assumptions of ethics review had been criticized by many aspects in the West, and the theoretical assumptions of ethics review has been raised doubts from different culture. Then analyzes how we should deal with such difficulties.Chapter IV analyzes the literature history, the current situation, and predicament of Western ethical review. Firstly explores the development history of international ethical norms about human trials, and examines the subtle changes and meanings of international standard of the requirements of ethical review. We can make a conclusion that the Western ethical review has got into a difficult position.Chapter V discusses the current situation of the ethical review in the West and China. On one hand, the western is facing an ethical crisis in the whole, and the difficult position of ethics review is a manifestation of the crisis. On the other hand, with the revival of virtue ethics in Western and China, the Chinese ethics review has opportunities to improve. In addition, this part will improve the possibilities of the Confucian virtue ethics.Chapter VI analyzes the theoretical basis of the Chinese ethical review system. According to the characteristics of the ethics review of human medical research, this part will try to discover useful theoretical content in the Confucian culture, and will make four main moral characters, such as benevolence, justice, wisdom and trust. The four virtues will be specific theoretical content of the Chinese ethics review. Then the Confucian casuistry can be used to solve the problem of moral dilemma.Chapter Ⅶ designs the practice path of the ethics review from the perspective of education and training. In the ethics review system, the human is the essential cause of effecting the practice of ethical review, include investigator, researcher and human subject. This chapter demonstrates the value orientation of the ethical review system "as for good". In the four functions of the traditional ethics review, the function of education and training is the most important. So this part will design a program of education and training system to different people.Conclusion makes a comprehensive summary and generalization of the paper, and point out that different ethics can integrate. The theories and principles of the Western ethical review build a applicable universally framework, but we can’t ignore different cultures, different religions, and different ethical standards, and it need maintain a certain tension between universal ethics and national ethics. And we need to explore the live source of Chinese culture of ethical review, Confucian ethics theory can become the important content of China’s ethical review system. And the dialogue between the West and China on ethical review can uphold principles, and harmony without sameness.