| Objective: Investigation of biological characteristics of corneal(corneal thickness, corneal curvature, corneal endothelial cells) and refractive power in Guangxi Hechi Huanjiang County, Luocheng Autonomous County Maonan, Mulao, Zhuang and Han students, comparison of different gender, ethnicity, age-related effects on biological characteristics of corneal and refractive power. Combined primary and secondary eye care Behavioral Assessment Scale, we investigated the effects of Minority Areas visual students’ healthy lifestyle and environmental factors on their vision, which may could provide the basis for poor mountain children’s vision care.Methods:1. In Guangxi Hthechi Huanjiang and Luocheng County, Stratified cluster sampling method was selected. A school was randomly selected from each of the county’s elementary, middle and high schools, and two classes drawn from each school. Then all students in the class was selected to take part in the survey. After excluding serious eye problems checked by binocular slit lamp microscope, direct ophthalmoscope, eye position, a total of six schools extracting 6-18-year-olds 522(1044) were examined with the uncorrected distance visual acuity, central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, the average density of corneal endothelial cells, corneal endothelial cells average area ratio of hexagonal cells, eye refraction, etc.;2. the total research subjects can be divided into male students and female students group by gender; be divided according to Maonan group, Mulao group, Zhuang group, the Han group by ethnic group; be divided 6-9 years, 10-12 years of age group, 13-15 age group, 16-18 yearold group by age.3. Application of the primary visual health behavior rating scale, all research subjects were investigated by the visual behavior, including general, parents refractive history of the disease, usually eye habits, eating habits, exercise mode and time, sleep time, etc.;4. SPSS19.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Normally distributed continuous measurement data is described by X ± S, and count data is described by a frequency numbers. Between groups normally distributed measurement data is analyzed by t test or variance analysis. Between groups of non-normal distribution of measurement data were compared with the non-parametric values; count data between the groups were compared using chi-square test, P <0.05 for the difference statistical significance were two-sided.Results:1. A total of 6-18-year-old school students in 522(1044) were investigated, including 218 male students(436), 304 female students(608). 6-9 years 108(216), 10-12 years old 89(178), 13-15 years old 108(216), 16-18 years old 217(434). Maonan 142 students(284), Mulao 145 students(290), Zhuang students 130(260), Han students 105(210).2. Uncorrected distance visual acuity:(1)Uncorrected distance visual acuity between different genders: There were statistically significant on the right eye and the left eye uncorrected distance visual acuity between male and female students Student groups(P <0.01), male students group of right and left uncorrected distance visual acuity are better than those of female students group;(2)Different ethnic groups uncorrected distance visual acuity:There are no statistically significant in eye uncorrected distance visual acuity difference in the distribution among ethnic peoples groups(P>0.05), but there are statistically significant in right eye uncorrected distance visual acuity among ethnic peoples groups(P<0.05). The naked eye right vision of Maonan group is far superior to the group of Zhuang group, and right eye uncorrected distance visual acuity of Maonan group> Mulao group> Han group> Zhuang group;(3)Uncorrected distance visual acuity among different ages: there are statistically significant in the distribution of uncorrected distance visual acuity between the right eye and the left eye between different age groups(P<0.01), the right and left naked eye far visual acuity gradually decreased with age.3. Central corneal thickness:(1) Mean central corneal thickness: right eye was 0.520 ± 0.033mm; the left eye was 0.521 ± 0.031mm;(2)There are statistically significant in right and left central corneal thickness value between male and female students groups(P <0.01), right and left central corneal thickness values in male students group than those in the female students group;(3)Comparison with different ethnic groups of central corneal of thickness values:There are no differences in the distribution of right and left central corneal thickness among ethnic groups(P> 0.05);(4) There are no difference in the central corneal thickness values, right and left central corneal thickness distribution difference between the different age groups(P> 0.05), that is, the right and left of the central corneal thickness with age, there was no detectable change significantly;4. Corneal curvature:(1)There are statistically significant in the right eye and the left cornea curvature distribution differences between male and female students groups(P <0.01);(2)Different ethnic groups, there are not statistically significant on the right and left cornea curvature distribution differences among ethnic groups(P> 0.05);(3)Corneal curvature values for different age groups, there are no significant changes in the right eye and the left cornea curvature distribution differences among different age groups(P> 0.05), that is, the curvature of the cornea of the right and the left eye with age were not detectable;5. The average density of corneal endothelial cells:(1)There are not statistically significant in the distribution of right and left corneal endothelial cell density between male and female students groups(P> 0.05);(2)Different ethnic group average density of corneal endothelial cells: There are not statistically significant in the right eye and the left corneal endothelial cell density among the different ethnic groups(P> 0.05);(3)Different values of the average density of corneal endothelial cells among different age groups: There are statistically significant in right and left mean corneal endothelial cell density differences between the different age groups(P <0.01), and right and left average density of corneal endothelial cells was gradually decreased with age.6. The average area of corneal endothelial cells:(1) There are not statistically significant in left and right eye corneal endothelium average area between the male and female students Student groups( P> 0.05);(2)Different ethnic group: There are not statistically significant in left and right eye corneal endothelium cells in the average area among different ethnic groups(P> 0.05);(3)The average area of the corneal endothelial cells in different ages group: There are statistically significant in the distribution between left and right eye corneal endothelium cells of the average area among the different age groups(P <0.01), and the average area of right and left eye corneal endothelial cells increased with age;7. The ratio of hexagonal cell:(1)Proportion of hexagonal cells of different gender groups: There are statistically significant in the proportion of cells right and left hexagonal distribution between male and female students groups(P <0.01),(2)There are not statistically significant in the right-eye and left-eye hexagonal cell ratio of male and female student group among ethnic groups(P> 0.05);(3)The proportion of cells in different age groups hexagonal comparison, the proportion of hexagonal cells right and left distribution difference among different age groups were statistically significant(P <0.01), the ratio of the right and left of hexagonal cells were gradually decreased with age;8. Refractive:(1) Detection of refractive errors 272 accounted for 52.1% of the number of subjects in which 235 persons of myopia(45%), unilateral myopia of 204(39.1%). There were 31 myopic eyes(5.9%), 154 people with mild myopia(29.5%), moderate myopia were 75(14.4%), and severe myopia 6 people(1.2%). Hyperopia were 23(4.4%); astigmatism were 37(7.1%).(2) There are no statistically significant in men and women nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism distribution of constituent phases in this survey.(3)Comparison of myopia rate in different ethnic groups :There are more myopia students of Zhuang than Maonan and Mulao student(P <0.01); and there are no difference in myopia rate between Maonan group and Mulao group(P> 0.05); there are difference in myopia rate among Maonan/Mulao and Han students group(P <0.05);(4)Refractive error detection rate among different age groups: There are statistically significant refractive error detection rate among different age groups(P <0.01), namely increasing age myopia, hyperopia rate decreased with age, astigmatism tended to increase with age, the overall change has significant difference.Conclusion:1. The survey showed that uncorrected distance visual acuity of the male students are better than that of female students, central corneal thickness of two eys thickter than female group, the double curvature of the cornea is less than the value of the female group, the ratio of hexagonal cells in two eyes is greater than that of female group. There are no statistic significance in the average density of the double corneal endothelial cells, the average area of corneal endothelial cells, myopia, hyperopia, and the distribution of astigmatism between male student group and female student group..2. The survey showed that the right eye uncorrected distance visual acuity of different ethnic groups are different: Maonan group> Mulao group> Han group> Zhuang group; There are no statistic significance in central cornea thickness, curvature of the cornea, the average density of corneal endothelial cells, endothelial cell parameters among Maonan, Mulao, Zhuang and Han students. The myopia rate of Zhuang students is highter than other ethnic groups. The myopia rates of Maonan and Mulao students were lower than the Han students.3. The density of corneal endothelial cell and the proportion of hexagonal cells are reducing, the average area of corneal endothelial cell is increasing, uncorrected distance visual acuity is decreasing, and the incidence of myopia is increasing with the students of the four ethnic groups are being old..4. The rate of myopia of this survey is lower then the China’s southeast coastal areas, but is higher than the report which is investigated on the similar area in 1988.5. The rate of myopia in this area is higher than before.It may be associated with personality characteristics and bad habits with the eyes to read. So it is important to further strengthen the publicity and education of health-related knowledge about myopia, active intervention to control the the rate of myopia in ethnic minority areas. |
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