Evil Writing:Ethical Condition Research Of Modern Fiction Narration

Evil is the basic topic as well as the core of Ethics. As two different ways in spiritual practice, literature and ethics are independent from each other but connected to each other meanwhile. One presentation of such relationship is that literary activity will generate a value judgment when it assumes its aesthetic function. Some elements in the text such as the characters, the theme, the structure, the artistic means as well as the author’s writing motive, attitudes towards writing, aesthetic effects on readers and so on are possibly related to value judgment. For traditional fictions, the value judgment of good and evil is clear and concise, and moral edification in literature achieved by means of aesthetics is relatively apparent. But in modern fiction, this encounter changes. Compared with the traditional fiction, attention even obsession with the evil theme is the important feature of modern fictions, with violence, blood, injury, death, pain, fear and so on being the important narrative content in the text. In the traditional fictions, evil factors exist in the subject but basically are guided and dominated by good, and its only value to exist just lies in backgrounding and highlighting good. But in the modern fictions, instead of being an accessory to good, evil has a relatively independent aesthetic value. Appreciation of ugliness gets popular. At the same time, in the narrative standpoint, distinctive ethical values in traditional fictions are consciously gradually weakened. Face the value judgment of good and evil, the narrator will strategically tend to be self-wrapped-up, taking the so-called non-moral position, which will further complicate the writing of evil. The dissertation consists of four chapters as follows:The first chapter is about the concept and definition of evil, and the study of the dialectics of good and evil on this basis. The article suggests, evil is the value judgment with negativity as its characteristic and core nature. In a general sense, evil is the result of dissatisfaction of needs and desires. In a narrow sense, evil refers to the moral evil, which means a violation of the basic guidelines where the social interpersonal relationships are constructed. Evil is not of isolated existence, whose dialectical relationship with good can be manifested in three aspects:firstly, evil sometimes is the means to achieve good, so it is necessary; secondly, good and evil are interdependent, and evil will stimulate longing and pursuit of good; thirdly, the evaluation criteria and scale is dynamic and relative in space-time dimension.The second chapter is to link literature and ethics activities, and investigate the complex tangle of the relationship between the two, in order to establish the theoretical background and premise for the analysis of evil writing problems in modern fictions. From the diachronic and synchronic perspectives, the article combs and explains the cross-fertilizations and independent state between the literature esthetic characteristics and the moral value judgment attributes. This article argues that the quest of emotional function of literature presents the uniqueness and richness of the individual existence, while ethics is the universal standardization requirements brought forward in the social life of the community. The ethical characteristics of literature will often break through rational moral norms of rigid regulations to make ethics demonstration of sympathy and reflection on individual survival encounters with the aid of aesthetic emotional experience. In its nature, literature should always have morality in the presence-whether it is manifested or concealed, which, with its literature moral transcendence, constitutes a forceful contradiction and unification.The third chapter focuses on the causes, manifestations and features of evil as a writing object in modern fictions. This article analyzes the causes why evil emerges in modern fictions in the social, academic and literary history background, to prove that in modern fictions attention to the subject of evil is a necessity. From the perspective of narrative form, the ethical narrative mode of the fiction has experienced a range from the retribution for good and evil in the folk story to typical characters of good and evil interwoven in classic story. Then in modern fiction stage, good and evil of the human nature is no longer as the whole part of the ethical narrative. Evil has diversified narration, between man and the nature, man and the society, man and man, man and ego, and its reflection and criticism has multiple dimensions including the evil of human nature, evil, evil system of technical rationality and the evil of other kinds of conditions. Evil and cruelty in modern society cause people’s emotional depression, and push them to the pessimism and despair. For the aesthetic features, literature will fabricate and exaggerate the experience of the real world, and reflect it with artistic imagination. The artistic object in the modern fictions is pushed to the extreme, distant form the daily life, while the narrative attitudes, by the indifferent narrative means, tend to be objective so that an aesthetic shock is made by the strong contrast in narrative themes.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the social critical consciousness and function the modern fictions have in an aesthetic way. Modern fictions take evil as an important object for literature, which dose not mean modern writers and intellectuals indulge in evil and are unable to extricate themselves. Modern fictions make a clean break with traditional fictions from content to form. This rebellion becomes an effective means to realize the social negative cognition and criticism. On the basis of Adorno’s aesthetic autonomy theory of modern fictions this article analyzes how modern fictions achieve their social critical function in the aesthetic self-discipline. This article believes it is because art disdains beauty itself that art is led to the opposite direction, and the important goal of such art reaction is to counterbalance the modern social evils in the sense of negation.