The Research On The People Of Chinese Marxist Literary Criticism

Different from general academic discussion, the research on the people of Chinese Marxist literary criticism is a real problem which has great effect on the development of Chinese Marxist literary criticism. On the first half of twentieth century, China has experienced the most profound social political, economic and cultural changes in history. In the face of such profound historical crisis, how to improve the public awareness of political consciousness and promote the development of revolution, were the hot issues of elite intellectuals. Discussion of the relationship between literature and the people has tremendous impacts on the integration of social forces, the creation of modern national state, and the development of Chinese literature and culture. In the new era, this discussion has important historical significance to construct a harmonious society and realize national rejuvenation. Although historical description and theoretical research on the relationship of the people and literature are quite rich, but the lineage and paradigm shift of the discourse has not received enough attention. The general description can not meet and replace our cognition of the people of Chinese Marxist literary criticism.At the beginning of the first chapter, the author will make description and comparison of common usage of people in classical Marxist literary theory, Western Marxist literary theory and Chinese Marxist literary theory. In the course of researching on the people of Chinese Marxist literary criticism, the complex semantic changes of the people discourse were focus and difficult point of theoretical research. Marx and Engels investigated and affirmed the people’s dominant position in the history. Frankfurt School and Birmingham School rethought activity and passivity of the people. Then Post-Marxist Hardt and Negri researched uncertainty and variability of the multitude in the context of globalization and localization. In Chinese Marxist literary theory, the people always pointed to the bottom of the social structure.The second chapter combs theoretical evolutions of the people research in Chinese Marxist literary criticism. The discussion course of the relationship between literature and the people in Chinese academic circles can be divided into four stages, that is, the findings of "public awareness" in the period of the late Qing Dynasty literature; the controversy of "popularization of literature" in the period of May 4th to the period of League of Leftist Writers; the construction of "popularization of literature" in Yan an period, and the multidimensional research on the relation of literature and people in the new period. Although theory aims, concern objects and value judgments at each research stage are different, but the discussion of some problems has continuity.The third chapter mainly inspects the practical character of the people research in Chinese Marxist literary criticism. First of all, the perspective of this research has gong beyond Chinese Marxist literary criticism itself, which reflected different social realities, conveyed the spirit of the time and described different political significance. Then, this research faced the reality of literary activity and emphasized the intervention of the People-oriented literary standpoint to the practice of literature writing. Furthermore, this research also faced the reality of literary criticism. The creative development of classical Marxist literary theory, the selective inheritance of Western Marxist literary theory, and the critical reflection on Chinese classical literary theory were the starting point for understanding historical status and theoretical value of the people research in Chinese Marxist literary criticism.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the discourse defects of the people research in Chinese Marxist literary criticism. Although the people research in Chinese Marxist literary criticism has made great achievements, but theoretical defects of the discourse can not be ignored, such as ignoring the question of intellectual enlightenment, identity transformation of intellectuals and the people, the intrinsic link of popularization of literature and commercial attributes and aesthetics attributes. The rediscovery of enlightenment spirit and intellectual’s social role is necessary to understand the theoretical idea of the people research in Chinese Marxist literary criticism. On the other hand, alienation of popularization of literature caused erosion of literature aesthetic rule and humanistic spiritual crisis of literature.To sum up, the people are logical starting point and ultimate goal of the research of Chinese Marxist literary criticism. Therefore, we should insist on the people standpoint of Marxist literary criticism, face new problems in Chinese social development and reform, research problems with ideological construction, guide the development of literary in order to better meet spirit needs of the people, and thus promote the creation of social ethics value system, that are theoretical premise and inevitable choice of the research of Chinese Marxist literary criticism. In the research of the people of Chinese Marxist literary criticism, academic world does not stop at interpretation and induction of native literary criticism tradition, but keep an active interest in classic Marxist literary criticism and Western Marxist literary criticism, and creating the people view of Marxist literary criticism with distinct Chinese characteristics.