A Study On Symmetry Of Antonym "Hao"、"Huai"

The research work of this paper is around a basic antisense adjective "Hao" and "Huai" in world’s languages. The guiding ideologies of the paper are The Markedness Theory, the Theory of Clausal Pivot, the theory of subjective viewpoint and Two-Triangle Theory. Based on a large corpus the study take a comprehensive and systematic study and analysis of the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai", combining synchronic and diachronic studies. In the study, the new focus on expanding the corpus is as well as new angles to explore and the reasons of this kind of tangled antonym symmetry will be finded.This paper is divided into seven chapters, the main contents of each chapter are as follows:Chapter one makes some sort and narrative of the research object, meaning, status and used theoretical methods. The study of the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai" both has theoretical value and practical significance. Existing research has been related to the problem, but is not very comprehensive and thorough. This paper has detailed descriptions and further explanation to the symmetry situation of "Hao" and "Huai",which put the study of the symmetry of antonyms further.Chapter two studies the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai" in the lexical level. The center meaning of "Hao" and "Huai" is symmetrical, and the expansion of the edge meaning is asymmetrical. Unmarked "Hao" frequency is significantly higher than the marked term "Huai". According to the latest research results linguistics children, "Hao" is the first acquisition in the "Huai". In word formation, "Hao" tend to lead the formation, "Huai" tend to post, they form many types of words, such as the setting of verb complement, overlap and so on. There are four kinds of symmetrical distribution:format and semantics are basic symmetrical;the form is symmetrical, the semantic is partly asymmetrical; the form is symmetrical, the semantic is asymmetrical; form and semantics are asymmetrical. There is a distortion of the relationship between form and meaning.Chapter three studies the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai" in the syntactic level. The emphasis is on the tangled symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai" in the attributive and complement position. "Hao" and "Huai" in the attributive position have two kinds of assessment functions satisfaction evaluation and functional evaluation. [+Sides] [+Subjectivity] [+Utilitarian] the three semantic features of nouns play a major role to the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai" in attributive position. Dynamic complement position of "Hao" and "Huai" form semantic matching diversity, point out that the two main syntactic distribution of symmetry, semantic symmetrical semantic point to the same object (action agent, patient, action); syntactic distribution form symmetrical semantics is not completely symmetrical; syntactic distribution form and semantics are asymmetric. The differences in the frequency of use, with verb semantic orientation as well as the people of the benefits or reduce psychological restricting the symmetry of "V+Hao" and "V+Huai". The form and semantics of "Hao" and "Huai" in subject position are basic symmetric. "Hao" and "Huai" in predicate position are symmetrical when evaluating whether health. Dynamic usage of "Hao" and "Huai" are symmetrical. In adverbial position "Hao" and "Huai" are asymmetrical, sometimes the relative says is "Nan". When "Hao" and "Huai" in the sentence act as a separate component, the features of "Hao" are richer than "Huai", they’re also asymmetrical.Chapter four studies the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai" in some specific format. Firstly, "Hao" and "Huai" often appear at the same time, "Hao" and "Huai" are symmetrical,the structure has all over the meaning of the expression. We mainly analyzes "Hao" and "Huai" symmetry in the parallel word "Hao huai","V hao V huai", their co-occurrence in the same syntactic position, the negative symmetry type, as well as sayings. Secondly, the non-quantitative adjective "Hao" and "Huai" in the amount of mind is completely symmetrical manner. "Shaowei+adjective" express rejects the objective trace derogatory term "Huai" to enter. In the expression amount, volume, maximal "Hao" and "Huai" are symmetric. In the subjective measure way, "Hao"can not enter the micro expression "You dian er+adjective". "Huai" doesn’t have the middle amount expressions, and the two in the high and quantity amount expressions are symmetrical. In questions, the asking field of unmarked term "Hao" is greater than marked items "Huai". In most types of comparing sentence "Hao" and "Huai" are substantially symmetrical. In addition, "Hao" also generates "Hao+bu+adjective", "Hao ge....." and other specific constructions. Finally, the research also makes a study of symmetry of various types of overlapping composed of "Hao" and "Huai" and their performance in the dialect, which are also asymmetrical. At the same time, basing on a large amount of real data, the use of "Hao" and "Huai" in different genres of are also extremely unbalanced.Chapter five is the diachronic investigation of the symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai". "Hao" and "Huai" appear early, "Hao" is before "Huai". In a further semantic evolution, they show two different tracks, the meaning and function of "Hao" become rich, meaning and function development of "Huai" relatively slow. Lasted uneven development of asymmetry can explain some questions of synchronic level.Then through the study of the grammaticalization and lexicalization phenomenon of the words "Hao bi", "Zheng hao", "Hao kan", "Xing hao", "Hao sheng", "X huai", we can find that the asymmetry of modern Chinese "Hao" and "Huai" has historical reasons.Chapter six explains the phenomenon of tangled symmetry of "Hao" and "Huai". First, from the internal language system, economic system of the language require the use of language symbols as possible to maximize cost-effective. Unmarked "Hao" bears more meanings than marked "Huai". The economy of language expression refers to the use of the simplest possible form to express semantic meaning as much as possible when people express.The antisense symmetry analogy morphological of "Hao" and "Huai" meets the requirement of saving effort. Meanwhile, the association flag pattern and semantic harmony law also restricts the "good" and "bad" use. The relator principle and semantic harmony law also restrict the use of "Hao" and "Huai". Secondly, from the language external reasons, People’s cognitive psychological tendency of drawing on the advantages and avoiding disadvantages, seeking good rowing bad play an important promoting role to the asymmetry of "Hao" and "Huai". In the session of "Politeness Principle", people sometimes avoid negative word "Huai" to express subtle melody. These cause the tangled symmetry phenomenons of "Hao" and "Huai".Chapter seven summarizes the main points of the paper, points out the deficiencies of this paper and prospects for future research.