| The resource of oil and gas, as the lifeblood of nation’s economic development, has become strategic issues of national security, especially of energy security rather than simple economic ones. With the development of China’s economy and society, the demand for oil and natural gas resources is also increasing rapidly, and till the end of2012, more than60%of the demand needs to be imported. Around the world, about60%of the offshore oil and gas resources are mainly located in the continental shelf, but potential of oil and gas resource in the deep water area is also very impressive, accounting for about30%. It is estimated that approximately1/3of the total reserves of oil and gas are in the South China Sea in China,70%of which are in the deep-sea area.With the increase of development degree of the oil exploration and mining on land and in shallow water areas, the volume of oil and gas production is approaching to the peak; deep water areas will become the future region for the oil and gas exploration and development while it is facing the challenges of capital, technology and equipment. In recent years, via the technology import and the cooperation with international company, the intensity of E&P in China’s deep water increase continuously, and we have made a great progress. Howerver, the core technology of the deep water oil and gas exploration (such as software, equipment, etc.) still highly depends on imports, so it is urgent to develop the core technology of deep water oil and gas exploration and development with our own intellectual property. E&P of oil and gas in deep sea area cannot be separated from the technology of navigation and positioning. It’s shown that up to now there is no such research of navigation and positioning for oil and gas exploration. This article is mainly to carry out the research of data processing technology of navigation and positioning in towed-streamer oil exploration, to develop of deep-sea exploration and navigation and positioning data processing technology and system software with our own independent intellectual property rights.Firstly, around the basic principles of towed-streamers petroleum exploration, this article analyzes the operation models and the technical characteristics of the offshore oil exploration, gives the general requirements of navigation and positioning in the towed-streamer petroleum exploration. Based on the study of sensors layout and technology of relative measurement in the processing of navigation and positioning in towed-streamers petroleum exploration, proposes the algorithm of navigation and positioning data processing technology in deep-sea towed-streamer oil exploration. Secondly, this article analyze the physical meaning of all kinds of distribution of the gross error in observations under the complex marine environment, and according to the type of observations, customize an effective, personalized method of gross error detection, and give out with the marine environment under the generally applicable significance, namely huge gross error detection method based on iteration method with variable weights and the improved method of first-order lag filtering for the elimination of small gross error. In addition, on the basis of the least squares adjustment discussion, aimed at the characteristics of towed-streamer navigation and positioning network, the "structural constraints" and "derived distance observations" are applied to the acoustic network adjustment, and it greatly improves the reliability of the network adjustment. In the meantime, due to the geophysical receiver points within the non-rigid streamers and being dragged underwater, a method based on the streamer constraints model is given out, to ensure the consistency of the results of the network adjustment and geophysical receiver point calculation. Finally, a set of practical system software of navigation and positioning data processing in deep-sea towed-streamer exploration is developed. Specific works have done as follows:1.Based on the study of deep-sea oil exploration operations and the measurement technology, a complete set of algorithm of navigation and positioning data processing used in the offshore oil seismic exploration is established, includes data reading, data quality controlling, multi-type data integration of navigation and positioning adjustment, the calculation of geophysical receiver point, etc.2. Analyzes the characteristic and physical meaning of gross error under the complex marine environment,, and according to the type of observations, customized methods of detecting gross error, such as gross error caused by equipment failure and continuous gross error,Huge gross error detection method based on iteration method with variable weights and the improved method of first-order lag filtering for the elimination of small gross error are given out, and the problem of data "purifying" of the lowed-streamer navigation and positioning.has been solved.3, According to the distribution characteristics of sensors on the streamer in the towed-streamer oil exploration, the limitation of the front network and the tail network constraints results in distortion of the adjustment results; the independence of the front, middle and tail network will lead to conflicting of the adjustment results. To solve these problems,’derived distance observations’arc applied to the acoustic network adjustment, and the "structural constraints" is brought in as well. This improves the network constraints, especially beacuse the compass observations are used for the calculation, that means all observations play a role in the network adjustment;4, As for the non-coincidence of the adjustment result of the acoustic node and the result of geophysical receiver points calculated by the streamer fitted model, the "model constraint" method has given out for the geophysical receiver point calculation. This solves the problem of accurate determination of the position of non-rigid carrier geophysical receiver point under the dynamic environment, so that the curve integral model calculated geophysical receiver points position and the acoustic node network adjustment results are fitted well. the contradiction between results is well eliminated;5, MEPS, namely set of navigation and positioning data processing system in deep-sea seismic exploration, and have been applied in a number of foreign projects. For our country this breaks the blockade of foreign technology, establishes a deep-sea towed-streamer navigation and positioning system with our own independent intellectual property rights, and has an important academic&practical significance. |
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