| The shortage of water resource is the worldwide issues. The crisis of waterresource is much more critical in China with the increasingly serious water pollution,which has become a fatal bottle throat of economy and sustainable development of oursociety. The wastewater recycling has double attributes of recycling resource andimproving environment quality. It has great potential on the resolution of the watershortage and pollution in North China,especially when the ecology civilizationconstruction was set as one of the goals of "five-in-one" overall arrangement ofsocialism with Chinese characteristics. Wastewater recycling is not only necessary toresolve the river pollution in North China, but have many functions to increase theecological base flow in dry season and improve city ecological quality. However, therecycling water utilization rate is less than10%by the end of2010, which has a hugegap between the recycling water planning objects ie.20%. There is no systematicresearch in China to such critical issues.In this articles, it demonstrate the resource utilization of recycling water is criticalto improve the river pollution, protect the ecological base flow and ameliorate cityecological quality, through the case analysis of recycling water, with the support ofnational science and technology major project--"Wei River water pollution controland rectification special item and demonstration"(2009ZX07212-002). Further, thearticle use the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to find the major factors. Consequently, thearticle introduced the general idea and three pragmatic wastewater recycling mode andavoid the conflicts between pipeline standard and recycling water standard. The articleanalyze the issues in the recycling water market mode (BOT): project design, project investment evaluation, cost accounting, business accounting of equipment transfer andprovide the resolution. In conclusion part, the article provide some strategic suggestionon the recycling water utilization.The articles includes:(1) In the case of Weihe and Xi’an Chanba ecological zone, the article argues thatthe wastewater recycling is the necessary condition to manage the river pollution inNorth China. The article also claims that reducing water intaking and suppling riverwater is the important method to sustain ecological base flow in dry season. The articleuse the improvement of city ecological quality in Xi’an Chanba ecological zone toconsolidate its argument.(2) The author found that there are two clear conflict in the field of wastewaterrecycling,ie high planning goal vs. low production capacity and high production vs.low yield. The first conflict shows the necessary and critical of wastewater recycling.The second one shows the real difficulties and barrier of the utilization of recyclingwater.(3) The article use the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to reason of the low utilizationrate of recycling water in our country from three aspects: the procedure of recyclingwater, influence factors and utilization potence in different areas. The three rudimentalreasons.1)the limitation of recycling pipeline network. The recycling water pipelinenetwork is different to the water supply and wastewater collecting pipeline networkwhich have respected water transport standard. The standards of recycling water aredifferent to others. There is no regular standard in China so far. The complicatedapplication of recycling water also makes the establishment of recycling waterregulation more difficult.2)With the limitation of production pattern, recycling user,the recycling water would like use water directly. So far, the usages pattern is to deliverthe water to customer, the user will purify the water by them. The complication use ofrecycling water will lead the decline of project efficiency. Eventually, there will be aninternal lock between the construction of recycling water pipeline network andtransportation.The third reason is the lack of analysis of user potential, therefore the majorcustomers and their needs of reclaimed water are not clear, it’s also impossible to establish the regulation of reused water. Eventually the balance of production andcomsumption of recycling water could not be achieved.(4) Based on previous research, the article introduces that the method to producerecycling water directly and simplify and circumvent pipeline network construction, touse it to city landscape water. The article provide three recycling method based on ourcurrent situation with potential analysis in our country.A. Centralized direct recycling modeMunicipal sewage plant provides the reclaimed water for city ornamental water,green watering and city cleaning. Such system could avoid complexity and high cost ofrecycling water pipeline network by providing suitable pipeline network. At the sametime, it could also benefit the city wetland and improve the city ecological quality.The major target is to improve city ecological quality and environmental ecosystemservice benefits. The centralized direct recycling mode is fit for the cities of northernChina with artificial or natural water body.B. Dispensed self-recycling mode.In the individual community, The recycling system keeps the balance of waterproduction and reuse by self-collecting, self-disposing, self-reclaiming, supportingartificial ornamental water body and pipeline network, to achieve zero emission of thecommunity. The major target is to replace the fresh water in the kitchen and toilet, toachieve economic benefit. The dispensed self-recycling mode is fit for independentgroup such as university and institute and large residential area.C. Nearby industrial water user recycling modeWith the principle of proximity, the centralized sewage plant produce wateraccording to customer requirement with simple pipeline construction. The plant couldalso collect wastewater from municipal sewage system and produce reclaimed waterand directly transport it to the industrial water user. The major goal is to increase theprofit of industry. Such mode is fit for the power plant, chemical industry etc.(5) The recycling water production has huge one-time investment and needsprofessional management. The article studies the issues of BOT mode in water qualitydesign, investment, cost analysis and depreciation in domestic wastewater constructionand management. The article provides practical resolution to circumvent and prevent commercial trap caused by information asymmetry, providing scientific basis forhealthy development of wastewater in recycling BOT mode.(6) Based on reclaimed water authority, the article studies the pricing of reclaimedwater. The author think that the reclaimed water should not identify as the publicresource and ignore its public welfare. Therefore, we could not simply authorize theproducer in accordance with administrative measures of national resources and letthem to set price purely as market price. Even though the recycling water becomes themain water resource, according to the pricing principal of public product, its priceshould meet the equation: the price of reclaimed water (potable reuse)≥Reclaimedwater (non-portable reuse)≥overall cost of reclaimed water (includes reasonableprofit)(7) The article provides strategical suggestion on recycling water plan, standard,compulsory policy on reuse water, municipal sewage water plant constructionstandard. |
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