The Existence Of Human Being And Puzhen:Study On Pre-Qin Humanity-Outlook Of Taoism

Based on the theory of the traditional Chinese ethos of humanity, this study critically inherites the achievement of our predecessors, and explores pre-Qin traditional Taoist ethos of humanity, represented by Laozi and zhuangzi, from the new perspective of" humanity-outlook of Taoism’As a "culture-mental structure" in history, the traditional Chinese ethos of humanity produced in the beging of Zhou Dynasty of "Liyue-Humanity", and formed in the "humanity-reconstruction" by pre-Qin Philosophers in Spring and Autumn. Because it emphasis on "the meaning of life" and "Achieving the word", the traditional Chinese ethos of humanity reflects the deep concern on "the meaning of existence" of human being. Therefore, the connotation of Chinese humanity is primarily to pursue "the meaning of existence".Based on the "disorder-society" and "crisis of existence","humanity-outlook of Taoism" was a result of "humanity-reconstruction" by Laozi and Zhuangzi. After criticising the disadvantages of "Liyue-Renyi", Laozi and Zhuangzi highlighted the appeals ofZhiran-Puzhen"(Naturalness-the Simplicity and Reality), especially searching for "the existence of Puzhen". The conception of "humanity-outlook of Taoism" contains a series of basic viewpoints, which include "Tianren-Heyi "(identification of man with the universe or the continuity between Tian and Human being),"Zhiran-Puzhen",and "the existence of Puzhen"."Tianren-Heyi" is the theoretical foundation and source of the value of "humanity-outlook of Taoism", whose contents is embodied through"Tao-based root","Tianren-Yiti"(the continuity between Tian and Human beings), and "possessing Tao and being hannonious". It means Tao is the root of human existence, to search "the meaning of existence" of human being, and ultimately to achieve the state of "possessing Tao and being harmonious"."Zhiran-Puzhen" is the specific performance in "humanity-values", according to the pursuit of "the meaning of existence" by Laozi and Zhuangzi. Focused on "the social humanity environment" formed by the value of Liyue, the value of Zhiran reflected the pursuit of "the social humanity-environment" of Zhiran. Directed to "the individual humanistic values" formed by the value of Renyi, the value of Puzhen represented the search of "the individual humanity-values" of Puzhen. Zhiran and Puzhen jointly centered on the puesuits of "the meaning of existence" of "humanity-outlook of Taoism", form the sides of society and individuality.The significances of "the existence of Puzhen" were embodied through "the human nature of Puzhen" and "the humanitarian of Puzhen", whose humanisty-significations shown in as follows:"the human nature of Puzhen" emphasizes the Pu (the Simplicity) of the nature, and attains the Zhen (the Reality) of human nature, which highlights the significance of life;"the humanitarian of Puzhen" advocats action follow Tao, which embodies the concern on the existence of human being.Finally, the dissertation reviews "humanity-outlook of Taoism" in two different ways:on the one hand, it is possible and meaningful to regard Taoism as the "Humanity-value philosophy"; on the other hand, it indicates the worth of "humanity-outlook of Taoism" in constituting the "Neo-humanity" in modern time.