Monitoring On Physical Function And Special Training Methods During Sub-altitude Training In Rowing Athletes

Objective:The changes in physiological and biochemical indicators and aerobic exercisecapacity of the elite men rowers’ hypoxic preconditioning combined with prolongedsub-altitude training as well as the follow-up plain training were observed.The effectof hypoxic preconditioning combined with prolonged sub-altitude training to thephysical condition of the elite men rowers.were systematic studied. Through the twolong period sub-plateau training special training methods of elite man rowers,combined with previous studies, he special men rowers prolonged sub-altitudetraining process training monitoring indicators and methods were initiallyestablished.Method:16athletes of Shanghai men’s rowing team were selected as the subject,2ofthem are called world-class athlete,6of them are an national-class athlete,8of themare level one-class athlete. According to the number of experienced altitudetraining, the subjects were divided into two groups:8athletes in group A they allhad several altitude training experience; the others are group B include8athletes,which had not altitude training experience.In2011winter training period the subject had10d hypoxic preconditioningcombined8weeks of sub-altitude training for improve aerobic exercise capacity.Blood routine examination， CK and BU were determined before hypoxia training,the3rdday of hypoxia training, post hypoxia training， the3rdday of altitudetraining， and every week of altitude training,1to3weeks post the altitude trainingrespectively. EPO, T, C, immunoglobulins, iron metabolism indicators weredetermined before hypoxia, post hypoxia, the3rdday of altitude training and3rd,5th,8thweeks of altitude training and the2ndweek post the altitude training. Specialaerobic capacity were test1week before hypoxic training, the5th to6th week ofaltitude training, one week after the plateau training.The subject had eight weeks sub-altitude training in the summer of2011in orderto improve conditioning and competitive performance. Blood routine examination,CK and BUN were determined before altitude training,3rdday of altitude training, every week of altitude training,1to3weeks after altitude training. T, C weredetermined before altitude training, the3rdday of altitude training and3rd,5th,8thweeks of altitude training and the2ndweek post the altitude training.During2sub-altitude training process, blood lactate, heart rate and trainingindex were tested in different period of special training.Results:During winter training period，compared with anterior hypoxic training, the EPOin3rd day of hypoxic training and3rd day of altitude training were increased by26.27%,26.60%, resulting in Hb peak was shown on the3rd day of altitude trainingand maintain to the3r dweek of altitude training (P <0.01). Two weeks after thealtitude the peaks was shown again and keep to3weeks altitude training (P <0.01),the EPO maintain a steady state after3rdday of altitude training. In anterior periodof altitude training the increase of EPO, Hb in Group A is lower than group B, butincreased more than in group B after the altitude training. T/C (P>0.05) is declinedin hypoxic and rebound in the3rdday of hypoxic training (P<0.05) then maintain asteady state, combined with changes of Hb, It suggest that the two groups athleteshave a certain adaptation after the3rd day of altitude training to high altitudehypoxia environment. Overall changes of T/C in two groups is unanimous, but groupA is higher than group B in the every test points. The Ig A, Ig G is no significantchanges throughout the trial period.The changes of group A and B is same to theoverall change, but the group B than in group A (P>0.05) in every test points. Ig M inhypoxia training is increased (P <0.05), increase of group A is higher than group B,after which no significant changes in all groups. BU, CK of two groups is consistentto the total system, in the early days of altitude training environmental for hypoxiaimpact, showed an increasing trend. BU, CK of two groups is consistent to trainingload in later altitude training.The special aerobic capacity test after Asian plateau and the follow-up plaintraining, total score of6km ergometry test is overall improvement in28s (P <0.01),the immediate heart rate is decreased by2.66%(P <0.05). The total score of groupA is increased by1.50%(P <0.01), group B is increased by3.05%(P <0.01),immediate heart rate of group A is declined by3.33%(P <0.01), and that of group Bis decreased by2.00%(P <0.01). After6incremental load test, It shown anaerobicthreshold level of exercise intensity is increased, lactate exercise intensity curve wassignificantly shifted to the right,, the increase of group A is greater than group B. Intensity and volume of exercise of every training period shown differentcharacteristics in the two sub-altitude training. In the winter training， the averageexercise intensity is168.5km and that is174.1km/week in the summer training. Inexercise intensity, during the winter training the total aerobic training proportionreached93.3%and that is86.9%during summer training. During later altitudetraining, the proportion of acid-proof training in summer training was significantlyincreased.Compared before altitude training, Hb, RBC of twice altitude training wereshown difference greatly in the early period of altitude training (1-4weeks ofaltitude training).On the3rdday of the winter training during altitude training thehemoglobin was significantly increased (9.77%, P <0.01). On3rdday of the summertraining in altitude training hemoglobin was significantly decreased (increase of-5.68%, P <0.01). In the winter training, Hb began to decline in the first four weeksof altitude training. In the summer training Hb began to decline in the3rdweek ofaltitude training. Hb changes was consistent in two later altitude training. Duringsummer training WBC have decreased, of which the5th,8thweek of altitude trainingwas statistically significant (P <0.01), It has been restored after the altitude training,but below the plateau before (P>0.05). In the early days of altitude training forhypoxic environmental impact BU and CK increased. BU and CK was consistent tovolume and intensity of training in the later altitude training. During the summertraining, T, T/C by factors of hypoxia and training at a low state.Conclusions1）10-day hypoxic pre-conditioning training shortened the athletes’ adaptation to theplateau. The training mode of10-day hypoxic training and8-week sub-altitudetraining had good effects on athlete function condition, especially onoxygen-transport capacity, anabolism and immunity. Hypoxia stimulate deeper thenew altitude training athletes, but the shorter duration of the effect of altitudetraining. Several altitude training athletes plateau environmental adaptability arebetter than the new altitude training athletes body functional state is even better thanthe new altitude training athletes during the whole sub-altitude training.2) Sub-altitude training to improve aerobic capacity and before the match effect ofaltitude training on athletes’ physical function status show different characteristics.Sub-altitude training before the match due to the low oxygen and the training load ofdouble stimulation, decline in performance for the organism immunity, full ofcatabolism, poorer physical function status, especial in the8thweek. In that time training intensity and nutritional supplement should be cared about.3)8weeks after the sub-altitude training athletes’ Hb, RBC, the iron metabolismindicators,2,3-DPG have a good impact. The oxygen-carrying capacity and bloodoxygen to the tissue diffusion capacity of athletes is improved. The increase of thousindictor of several altitude training are greater than the new plateauathletes.Ergometer6km test scores significantly increased,lactate anaerobicthreshold exercise intensity, multi-level incremental load test significantly improvedthe special aerobic capacity of the athletes develop.The increase of thous indictor ofthe new plateau athletes are greater than several altitude training. The aerobicexercise capacity of the several altitude training experienced players was increasedsignificantly. Aerobic exercise capacity development new altitude trainingexperienced athlete was more balanced.4) Different training method was used for different training aim. Men’ s rowingspecific training is divided into aerobic capacity training: low aerobic capacitytraining, lactic acid requirements1-3mmol/L, high-aerobic capacity training of lacticacid requirements2-4mmol/L. Aerobic-anaerobic mixed ability training of lacticacid3-8mmol/L. Anaerobic capacity training: acid capability training, lactic acidrequirements8-12mmol/L, speed training of lactic acid requirements8-12mmol/L,heart rate170~190b/min.