| Ocimum, which belongs to Labiatae, is known as " king of the aromatics ".There are about 100-150 species naturally distributed in tropical and temperate regions. In China, there are 5 species and 3 varieties widely distributed, with only 2 species and 1 variety in Hainan. With the development of the international tourism island, basil cultivation acreage in China is rapidly expanding for the increase of market demand. However, large-scale cultivation and application of basil is rare in Hainan at present.In this research, the introduction and cultivation adaptation, morphological observation, nutrients, the chemical composition of the volatile oil and the genetic relationship of basils were studied, and there results as following:(1)35 different kinds of basil or varieties were collected by way of purchase, exchange or acquisition, from Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei and Hunan. After seeding and cultivation, only 17 of the 35 were successfully completed its life cycle, which had been successfully introduced to Hainan. Most of the 17 basil materials in the base grew well except for the Ocimum basilicum'Purple Ruffles'having poor plant size and rare flowers. Adaptation of the remaining 16 kinds of basil performed well, indicating the potential for introduction and cultivation in Hainan.(2) 17 basil varieties that can grow in Hainan were morphologically described, and a key of 17 basil varieties were build, which promoted a good morphological basis for the cultivation and application of these basils.(3) At the same time,24 quantitative indicators of basil, such as the inflorescence type, inflorescence position, the present or rare of the hair of leaf and petiole, shoot color, veins color, were used to analyze the among the 17 basil samples (varieties). The result of cluster analysis showed that the similarity was between 0.15-0.85 indicating a rich diversity of basils.17 basil samples (varieties) could be divided into 4 groups, with obvious differences among the different sources of Introduced varieties. A new was morphological classification standard suggested based on the morphology and morphological cluster analysis. In this morphological classification standard 3 criteria were included. The first criterion was inflorescence types including spike basils and ostryx basils. The second level standard was the hairy surface of throat of the calyx, including hairy basils and hairless class. The tertiary standard was the tooth shape of calyx teeth of upper lip, including egg tooth type and crenate type.(4) Custer analysis was carried out with stomatal characteristics, and the results show that 17 copies of basil types are divided into three categories on the distance of 2.51.The first category included 12 kinds of basils of Ocimum basilicum 'Green', Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce', Ocimum gratissimum var. gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum 'Purple Ruffles', Ocimum basilicum 'anise', Ocimum basilicum 'miye', Ocimum basilicum 'Sweet', Ocimum basilicum 'Siam Queen', Ocimum basilicum var.minimum, Ocimum basilicum var. citriodorum, Ocimum basillicm 'Cinnamon', Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum. The second category included 4 kinds of basils of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. Majus, Ocimum basilicum 'anise'and Ocimum gratissimum. The last category was Ocimum gratissimum var. Suave. This classification is not consistent with the morphological classification. However, this classification to some extent reflects the basil cultivation characteristics, especially drought tolerance. So this classifciation will be useful for the cultivation of basil.(5) The result of SRAP marks indicated:The high polymorphism of SRAP markers indicated the complex genetic backgrounds of basils with a wealth of genetic diversity. Cluster results showed five categories could be build at distance of 0.39. Ocimum gratissimum var. gratissimum?Ocimum basilicum 'anise'? Ocimum basilicum var.minimum were divided earlierly in the classification.which indicated this group has estranged relationship with the other groups; the 1st group includes Ocimum basilicum'Sweet'?Ocimum gratissimum-. Ocimum basilicum 'Compact?Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce'; the 2nd group included 9 basils such as Ocimum basilicum? Ocimum basilicum 'Greek?Ocimum basilicum 'Sina' andOcimum basilicum var. citriodorum; the 3rd group included 8 varieties containing Ocimum basilicum long leaf'?Ocimum basilicum 'Anna'?Ocimum basillicm 'Cinnamon' and the 4th group included 9 varieties containin Ocimum basilicum 'Green'?Ocimum basilicum'Purple Ruffles'?Ocimum basilicum 'grant flower'.(6) According to GC-MS analysis, the chemical compositions of the volatile oil of the different basil leaves were substantially same, with a few different compositions and content.17 basils could be divided to 7 types according to the materials of volatile oil as following:Linalool-type:Ocimum basilicm 'Green', Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. majus, Ocimum basilicum var. citriodorumAnethole-types Ocimum gratissimum var. gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum' Purple Ruffles', Ocimum basilicum 'anise', Ocimum tashiroi HayataEucalyptol-type:Ocimum basilicum 'miye', Ocimum basilicum'Sweet'Linalool/Eucalyptol-type:Ocimum basilicum'Lettuce', Ocimum basilicum L. Ocimum basilicum var.minimum, Ocimum gratissimum var. SuaveIsopulegol-type:Ocimum basillicm 'Cinnamon', Ocimum basilicum'Siam Queen'Linalyl anthranilate-type:Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum Tricyclene-type:Ocimum gratissimum(7) The leaves nutritional analysis of basil varieties showed that:the (?) elements were apunaant; the content of Vc was high for all basils with the nignest one of Ocimum basilicum'Lettuce'(41.8?g/g), following with ocimum gratissimum (41.6?g/g); the content of polysaccharide is not high, with the highest for Ocimum basilicum 'Sweet'(0.34%), followed by Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce' and Ocimum gratissimum (0.32%). From the types of mineral elements, potassium and calcium content were high for all basils. According to the daily demand to the mineral elements, vitamin C and crude fiber and contrasting with other health vegetables, that Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce'? Ocimum gratissimum? Ocimum basilicum 'Siam Queen'? Ocimum basilicum' Sweet' were more wholesome health vegetables in 17 varieties.(8)According to the morphological characteristics, essential oil content, flavor. Nutrients and adaptability in Hainan of 17 kinds of basils, there are some suggestion for the production and application for the basils in Hainan: Basils suitable for applications of medicine:Ocimum basilicum 'mive', Ocimum basilicum 'Sweet'Basils suitable for applications of food:Ocimum basillicm 'Cinnamon', Ocimum basilicum 'Siam Queen'Basils suitable for applications of chemical industry:Ocimum basilicum 'Green', Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. majus, Ocimum basilicum var. citriodorumBasils suitable for applications of ornamental horticulture:Ocimum basilicum 'Siam Queen'Basils Suitable for applications of vegetables:Ocimum basilicum'Lettuce', Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum 'Siam Queen', Ocimum basilicum 'Sweet'... |
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