| As a strategic project to enhance the national cultural soft power and protect the cultural and people’s livelihood,the public cultural service has always been highly valued by the state and local governments.The national governance system and the management capacity modernization have put forward the standards of the modern public cultural service system,which should be "people-centered",equal,convenient and efficient,meeting people’s basic living needs and promoting social fairness.The essence of these standards is to emphasize the effectiveness of the supply.The practical contradiction between the high input and low efficiency poses a challenge to the realization of effectiveness."Authoritative determinism" and "The interactive theory between supply and demand" hold radically different viewpoints on the determinant factors of effectiveness.Different disciplines based on the layout,efficiency evaluation and governance mechanism of existing researches,in general,show the insufficiency of integrating the special value of public cultural service.Based on the characteristics of culture and the perspective of space,how to measure and achieve the effectiveness of the public cultural service’s supply are the subjects of this study.The "stage theory" of the public service resource allocation and the "location theory" of the public service facilities provide the basis for the phased analysis of the effectiveness of the public cultural service supply from different perspectives.With an advantage over other Chinese cities in the supply of public cultural service,Shanghai has achieved the equal distribution of basic facilities,and is developing to the advanced stage.Taking Shanghai as an example,it can be used as a prospective study of the public cultural services in China.Unlike other public services,the effectiveness of the public cultural service’s supply cannot simply be measured by the ratio between the supply of the number of service carriers and output,but by the reflection degree of the value objective with the supply and usage.Based on the common value of public service and the theory of cultural space production,from the connotation,the value objective of public cultural service is to meet the basic cultural needs,adapt to regional special cultural demands and realize its value,under the premise of coordinating with regional economic and social development level,in procedure,it shows the spatial coupling and co-directional development of the process of supply and use.Based on this goal,this paper analyzes the level of supply and use and its spatial relationship,and constructs the spatial analysis theory and model of public cultural service supply.This paper uses the methods of GIS spatial analysis,social survey,correlation analysis,analytic hierarchy process method and other statistic analysis methods as well as formal assessment to study the overall distribution rule of public cultural facilities,with the survey data of 768 museums,libraries,cultural centers and youth palaces,four major public cultural facilities in Shanghai.This paper focuses on the objective evaluation of the supply capability of the 163 public cultural facilities and a user-feeling survey of 1100 people from four districts and 46 towns and townships,and conducts an empirical analysis based on the spatial evaluation model.It also discusses in depth the practical performance,deep-level problems,spatial mechanism and optimization of the effectiveness of supply.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The effectiveness of public cultural services’ supply,from the spatial perspective,is embodied in the supply capacity,the feelings as well as the effectiveness of the spatial coupling under certain goal-oriented circumstances.Based on the multidisciplinary of public cultural services studies,this paper mainly uses the theory of spatial analysis of cultural geography,refers to the evaluation theory of the public sector performance,and constructs the culture-space relationship concept,which is analyzing culture from the perspective of the social structures,individual characteristics as well as the cultural consumption and supply with the spatial evaluation model of the facts,the values and integrating degree between them.From the aspect of facts,it is to standardize the evaluation of the facilities’ layout;from the aspect of values,it is to evaluate the acceptance of the facilities service;from the aspect of relevance between the fact and the value,it is to evaluate of the effectiveness of the spatial coupling between the facilities’ layout and service.To secure spatial justice based on the service,meet the needs of differentiation,and achieve spatial objectives of space identification in three dimensions,it is a must to combine relevant policies and regulations to determine evaluation index system and methods for different levels of regions and facilities.This is the core of the theoretical foundation and theoretical construction of the second chapter.(2)The comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of public cultural service supply in Shanghai shows that the effectiveness of sampling area’s supply is not enough and the efficiency is low.This is the main content of empirical research in the third and fourth chapter.Based on the shortcomings of geography and other disciplines that focus on the unilateral study of layout or efficiency mechanism,the spatial evaluation of this study embodies the space effect of all relevant factors,and develops from three aspects.The overall evaluation of facility standardization is that the central urban area is much higher than the suburb,but there are different patterns of the unbalanced layout of the facilities.At the same time,the impact factors of evaluation results for different types of facilities and different levels of regions are different.For the acceptance level of facilities services,the overall evaluation results for the four sampling areas are not qualified,mainly due to the low utilization rate.It includes different evaluation on different types of facilities,"dominant factor" and"recessive element",different population evaluation based on age,settling time,family situation and family annual income,and the different preferences of different groups towards facilities.The comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of spatial coupling,or the effectiveness of supply,is that the overall supply level of the four sampling districts is insufficient,of the 46 sampling towns,only four streets are basically effective.Insufficient supply,and the low matching degree of usage,especially the low demand are the direct causes.The balance issue between efficiency and fairness of distribution,the external structural difference between supply and demand,the regional differences of value cohesion and identity promotion are deep-seated problems.(3)The spatial mechanism of public cultural service supply manifested the supply-demand-motivation three dimensions.Given the reality of Shanghai,the supply mechanism is mainly seen as two types of notions-passive supply and active service,and dual role of two mechanism-administrative division adjustment-oriented and market function-oriented,as well as market-oriented institutional constraints.Demand mechanism,mainly shown in the modern influence of the traditional concept of public and private,which considers the "private" as the standard,and cultural consumption,especially,the stratification and spatial differentiation of the development of cultural consumption.Dynamic mechanism,mainly shown in the government at all levels direct the existing evaluation criteria for the public cultural facilities towards homogenized,high-end,input-oriented and conclusive,which is different from the regionalization,popularization,user-oriented and other development requirements from the public.Based on the experiences of public cultural services in developed countries and regions,this paper puts forward the idea of human-centered spatial management based on interactive service and public reshaping,and constructs a system that emphasizes daily care,guidance of needs,as well as constructs an optimization strategy that reflects interaction and coordination among stakeholders.This is the core content of the fifth chapter.In the sixth chapter,based on the sublimation of the above theoretical and empirical research,the future research prospect has been put forward. |
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