Design,Preparation,Properties And Applications Of Multimaterial Fibers

The invention of fiber has significantly improved the quality of people's lives,especially the establishment of the Internet based on optical fiber communication.With the development of society and the progress of material processing technology,the traditional glass fiber has been unable to meet the growing needs of people.Under this background,multimaterial fiber emerges at the right moment,which combines the optical,electrical,magnetic,acoustic,thermal and mechanical properties to greatly expand the application field of traditional optical fiber.Multimaterial fibers can be applied in various fields including communication,intelligent sensing,energy storage,photoelectric detection,biomedicine,3D printing,neuroscience,nanoscience and manufacturing.At present,the development of multimaterial fiber is still in the primary stage,which requires the continuous development and integration of new multifunctional multimaterial fibers,and the expansion of its types and applications,which is of great significance to the development of fiber material science and the cross-integration with other disciplines.In this paper,the micro-nanofabrication based on multimaterial fiber and the preparation and application of special functional multimaterial fibers are studied.The main achievements of this study are summarized as follows:(1)Micro-nano fiber materials are prepared based on multimaterial fibers.Two representative fiber materials,polymer fiber and semiconductor fiber,were prepared.The results show that the diameter,length and shape of micro-nano fibers can be controlled.The size of a single fiber can be controlled from tens of nanometers to millimeters,the length of the fiber can be tens of meters long,and the shape of the fiber can be non-circular.Micro-nano fiber materials can be prepared in batches by iteratively fiber drawing or multicore fiber drawing,and the preparation of micro-nano fiber materials by in-fiber method has universality,and different kinds of fiber materials can be prepared.(2)Preparation of composite functional microspheres based on multimaterial fiber and its application.Polymer microspheres,semiconductor microspheres and composite functional microspheres were prepared by using fluid Platea-Rayleigh instability in multimaterial fiber.The results show that the microspheres can be prepared efficiently by using the extensible preparation platform of in-fiber method,and the size and structure of the microspheres can be controlled.The size of a single microsphere can be controlled from 20 nm to 1.25 mm,and the core-shell and multi-layer microspheres can be prepared by in-fiber method.Different functional materials can be combined into the microsphere to obtain the functional composite microsphere particles.The application of magnetic polymer composite microspheres prepared by in-fiber method was further studied.By modifying amino group on the surface of the microspheres,it could be used to remove heavy metal ions in aqueous solution,and after modifying carboxyl group on the surface of magnetic microspheres,it could be used for cell separation.(3)A metal-semiconductor-polymer multimaterial fiber is designed and prepared,and the application of multimaterial fiber in the field of optical and radiation detection is studied.Through the fiber drawing platform,we successfully composite metal and semiconductor materials into a single polymer fiber.By selectively inducing the Platea-Rayleigh fluid instability in the fiber,a trapezoidal connected structure was obtained in the fiber.We used Monte Carlo Simulation to calculate the X-ray absorption capacity of such a structured fiber device,and the results show that the absorption capacity of the fiber core is much greater than that of polymer cladding materials.Subsequently,the excellent optical and X-ray detection functions of the multimaterial fibers devices are verified.The flexible fiber could be woven into fabric and connected to commercial signal acquisition card for remote wireless detection.We demonstrate the application of the multimaterial fiber in remote detection,which provides a new idea for the development of new photoelectric detectors.(4)A multimodal optogenetic fiber probe was designed and prepared,which can simultaneously detect optical and neural signals,and its application in living animal of optogenetics was studied.By using the fiber drawing platform,the metal materials are successfully composite into the polymer fiber.The double cladding structure is adopted,so the optical transmission of the fiber probe is not affected,a multimaterial fiber can conduct both light and electricity at the same time is obtained.The results of physicochemical properties of the fiber probe show that the multimodal fiber probe has excellent mechanical properties and optical transmittance,and the conductive performance is good,its impedance at 1 k Hz is only 11.57 k?.The results of optogenetic experiments in living animals show that the multimodal fiber probe can realize simultaneously light stimulation and neural signal recording function at single neuron level.The recorded electrical signals have a high amplitude,and a signal-to-noise ratio up to 30 d B,and can be continuously recorded for more than 10 weeks.Within a wide frequency range(1-20 Hz),stable optical stimulation and nerve signal recording can be achieved.Moreover,the biocompatibility of the prepared multimodal fiber probe is better than that of the conventional quartz fiber probe.