| The neoclassical economic growth theory holds that the sustainable development of economy stems from the improvement of production efficiency,research experience at home and abroad also shows that the accumulation and promotion of total factor productivity is an effective way to optimize the mode of economic development.As the concentrated embodiment of agricultural production efficiency,agricultural total factor productivity has been an important tool used by relevant scholars to analyze the source of agricultural economic growth.However,the traditional measurement of total factor productivity(TFP)of agriculture does not take into account the resources and environmental factors closely related to the sustainable development of agriculture,to a certain extent,the negative impact of agricultural economic growth on social welfare is neglected,it may overestimate the true level of TFP in agriculture.When the ecological contradiction is prominent,it can even lead to misleading policy implications.In fact,With the rapid growth of China’s agricultural economy,serious problems of resources and ecological environment have arisen,On the one hand,it reflects the extensive agricultural production of water resources;on the other hand,it reflects the pressure on the ecological environment brought by the continuous growth of pollutant emissions such as chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),greenhouse gas(C).The theory of sustainable development points out that resources and environment are not only endogenous variables of economic development,but also rigid constraints on the speed and scale of economic development.Therefore,agricultural total factor productivity based on resource and environmental factors correction,namely,agricultural environmental total factor productivity,can fully reflect the real performance of China’s agricultural economic growth.Based on this,the purpose of this paper is to comprehensively analyze the changes of agricultural environmental total factor productivity,from the perspective of coupling,in-depth analysis of the factors affecting its changes,to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the promotion of China’s agricultural environmental total factor productivity.At present,the research on the influencing factors of agricultural environmental total factor productivity is relatively few,and it is mostly an isolated discussion on a certain influencing factor.or a general discussion of a series of factors,neglecting the interaction of relevant factors on the agricultural environmental total factor productivity.From theoretical analysis and production practice experience,The change of agricultural environmental total factor productivity is not only related to the quality and skills of employees,but also closely related to the mode of agricultural management.At the same time,there is a significant interaction between the two factors.Therefore,this paper uses GML productivity index method based on SBM-DEA model to measure the changes of total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators in China from 1995 to 2015.Therefore,this paper uses GML productivity index method based on SBM-DEA model to measure the changes of agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators in China from 1995 to 2015.From the theoretical and empirical perspectives,this paper analyzes the impact of rural human capital and agricultural scale operation on agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition index respectively,With the help of physics coupling system analysis tools,test the two in the state of coupling interaction,impact on agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators.Thereby,to prove that the coupling and coordinated development of rural human capital and agricultural scale management is a rational choice to enhance the agricultural environmental total factor productivity.Finally,combined with the existing research conclusions,policy recommendations were put forward to enhance agricultural environmental total factor productivity in an all-round way.Generally speaking,the research contents of this paper include the following five aspects:The first is to analyze the influence mechanism of rural human capital,agricultural scale management and their coupling on the agricultural environmental total factor productivity.From two aspects,positive and negative effects,Discussion on the influence of rural human capital,agricultural scale management of agricultural environmental total factor productivity.Then from the perspective of coupling,tural human capital and agricultural scale management are regarded as a coupling and interactive whole,discusses its impact on agricultural environmental total factor productivity.The two is to measure the changing trend of China’s agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators.This part applies the relevant panel data of 30 provinces in China in 1995-2015 years(excluding Tibet),using GML productivity index method based on SBM-DEA model,the GML index of agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition index-GMLTC index of agricultural environmental technological progress and GMLEC index of agricultural environmental technological efficiency were calculated.From the overall perspective,During the sample period,the agricultural environmental total factor productivity in China showed an overall growth trend,the average growth rate is 3.5738%,growth momentum is driven by agricultural environmental technological progress,The agricultural environmental technological efficiency plays a restrictive role;From the perspective of inter provincial differences,among the 30 provinces and autonomous regions,the GML index in 15 provinces is above the national average,the main driving force of agricultural environmental total factor productivity growth in 27 provinces is the technological progress of agriculture,Agricultural environmental technical efficiency in 14 provinces and autonomous regions has significantly restricted the growth of agricultural environmental total factor productivity.From regional differences,The eastern region has the highest GML index of agricultural environmental total factor productivity,the northeast is the lowest;The GMLTC index of agricultural environmental technological progress in Northeast China is the highest.and the lowest in the central region.In the eastern region alone,the index GMLEC of agricultural environmental technical efficiency is greater than 1,the other three regions are less than 1,and are in a marked decline.The three is to test the impact of rural human capital on agricultural environmental total factor productivity.According to the "core elements-basic elements-supporting factors" of the circle structure,in this paper,the internal structure of rural human capital is decomposed hierarchies,regarding rural education human capital,rural healthy human capital and innovation environment support as the core,basic and supporting elements of rural human capital respectively,by using feasible generalized least squares(FGLS)method,regression analysis of the impact of rural human capital on agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators,and from the results of empirical analysis to find support for the "rural human capital promotion theory" or "the role of rural human capital mystery" evidence.Research findings show that:(1)In the core elements of rural human capital,Rural education human capital stock has positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,but it is not significant,the possibility of "the mystery of rural human capital function" is revealed;In the heterogeneous structure of educational human capital stock,Higher human capital in rural areas has a significant positive effect on the growth of agricultural environmental total factor productivity and agricultural environmental technological progress,however,it has no significant negative effect on agricultural environmental technical efficiency.Some of them supported the view of "rural human capital promotion";(2)In the basic elements of rural human capital,health human capital input has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,mainly achieved by improving the agricultural environmental technical efficiency,it shows that good physical quality and health condition help rural labor force strengthen agricultural production management,improving technical efficiency;(3)In the supporting elements of rural human capital,financial support for agriculture has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity.it is achieved through improving the agricultural environmental technical efficiency.The intensity of scientific research input has a positive effect on the agricultural environmental technological progress,but there are restrictions on agricultural environmental technical efficiency,to a certain extent,it reflects the loss of efficiency in the current technology transformation.In general,rural human capital and its internal factors have great differences in the impact of agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators,the "riddle of rural human capital function" mentioned in some literatures is reasonable.The four is to examine the impact of agricultural scale operation on agricultural environmental total factor productivity.China is in a critical period of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,there is still no conclusion on the controversy between the petty-farmer management and the scale management,"the theory of promoting agricultural scale management" and "the question of agricultural scale management" coexist.Also according to the "core elements-basic elements-supporting factors" of the circle structure,this paper decomposes the internal structure of agricultural scale management,land scale,intensive degree and accumulation of material capital are regarded as the core,basic and supporting factors of agricultural scale operation respectively.by using feasible generalized least squares(FGLS)method,regression analysis of the impact of agricultural scale operation on agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators.The results showed that:(1)In the core elements of agricultural scale management,land scale has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,agricultural environmental technological progress and agricultural environmental technical efficiency,it reflects the comparison between agricultural scale management and small-scale peasant economy,With cost saving,optimal allocation of factors and standardization management and other aspects of the advantages;(2)In the basic elements of agricultural scale management,the input density of agricultural machinery has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,mainly through the strong pull of agricultural environmental technology efficiency.The input density of agricultural film has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental technological progress,but it has a significant negative impact on agricultural environmental technical efficiency,it has positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,but not significant.It indicates that the popularization of agricultural film technology is conducive to the realization of intensive agriculture and intensive farming,but its environmental efficiency in use needs to be improved;(3)In supporting factors of agricultural scale management,material capital accumulation has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,mainly from the promotion of agricultural environmental technological progress.In general,after considering the resources and environment factors,Agricultural scale operation has a significant promoting effect on total factor productivity,it is a strong response to the question of "agricultural scale management".However,the current scale of agricultural management and its structural level are relatively weak,there is considerable room for improvement.The five is to examine the influence of the coupling and coordinated development of rural human capital and agricultural scale operation on the agricultural environmental total factor productivity.This study introduces coupling coordination analysis tools,construction of the "rural human capital-agricultural scale management" coordination system.Judging from the Coupling Coordination Measure of Rural Human Capital and Agricultural Scale Management in 30 Provinces and Regions of China from 1995 to 2015,the coupling coordination degree of provinces and autonomous regions is generally low.During the sample period,only Beijing reaches primary coordination level.The coupling coordination degree is below 0.5,there are 24 provinces that are on the verge of maladjustment and mild maladjustment,accounting for 80%of the total sample size.In the empirical analysis,this study is based on three ways,comprehensive test of the comprehensive effect of rural human capital and agricultural scale management on agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition index:(1)Empirical test based on interaction terms of core variables.Select the core elements of rural human capital-Educational human capital stock,Core elements of agricultural scale management-land scale,check the interaction of two core elements of the system on agricultural environmental total factor productivity and its decomposition indicators.The results show that,the interaction items has a significant positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,power comes from improving agricultural environmental technical efficiency,it has changed the situation that the growth of agricultural environmental total factor productivity in China depends mainly on the progress of agricultural environmental technological progress for a long time.The empirical results of core elements interaction items are preliminarily indicated,there is a complementary and mutually reinforcing relationship between rural human capital and agricultural scale management,the resultant force of both will help activate agricultural environmental technology efficiency;(2)Empirical test based on order parameter,the order parameter of agricultural human capital and the order parameter of agricultural scale operation have significant positive effects on the agricultural environmental total factor productivity,but the dynamics of both are different,the order parameter of rural human capital promotes the growth of agricultural environmental total factor productivity by improving the agricultural environmental technological progress,the order parameter of agricultural scale management promotes the growth of agricultural environmental total factor productivity by improving the agricultural environmental technical efficiency,this also proves that the two systems have complementary and mutually reinforcing prerequisites;(3)Empirical test based on coupling coordination degree,The coupling degree of the two factors has a positive positive effect on agricultural environmental total factor productivity,the motive force comes from the joint promotion of agricultural environment technological progress and agricultural environment technology efficiency.Thus it can be seen,coupling and coordinated development of rural human capital and agricultural scale management,transforming the driving force of TFP growth from the long-term one-way drive of technological progress to the two-wheel drive of technological progress and technological efficiency.Based on the above conclusions,this paper analyzes the countermeasures to enhance agricultural environmental total factor productivity,Include the following aspects:(1)Fostering a new modem professional farmer,optimizing the main conditions for enhancing environmental efficiency;(2)Promoting appropriate scale operation of Agriculture,strengthening the leading force to enhance environmental efficiency;(3)Promoting coordinated and coordinated development in an all-round way,opening up a scientific way to enhance environmental efficiency;(4)Jointly promote technological progress and technological efficiency,drive mode change to improve environmental efficiency. |
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